Coordination & Control AND Neurones Flashcards
What is stimuli?
Change in environment
What are the two systems that respond to changes?
Nervous system and Endocrine System
What are the two parts of the nervous system?
CNS and PNS
What does the CNS consist of
The brain and the spinal cord
What is the PNS divided into?
The autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system
Name the parts of the brain
Cerebrum, Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, Cerebellum, Medulla Oblongata
What does the cerebrum do?
Controls conscious thoughts, coordination of voluntary actions, speech
What does the hypothalamus do?
Body temperature, sleep, hunger and thirst, reproduction of hormones from the pituitary gland
What does the Pituitary gland
Releases ADH, Secretes hormones to control growth, metabolism and activity of the testes and ovaries
What does the cerebellum do
Receives information from balance receptors in the ear, coordination of balance, posture and movement
What does Medulla Oblongata
Controls many involuntary actions like heart rate, peristalsis
What are neurones
These are high specialised cells that show the properties of irritability and conductivity.
What are the different types of neurones and their function
Sensory neurones : > Conduct electrical impulses from sensory cells, such as receptor cells in the eye.
Motor Neurons conduct electrical impulses from the central nervous system to effectors.
Relay Neurons are only found in the CNS. They transmit information between sensory and motor neurones.
What is a synapses
A synapses is found between neurones and between motor neurones and effectors. They allow impulses to travel in only one direction.
What are Voluntary and Involuntary actions
Voluntary actions are actions we do on command like talking, singing, walking, beating up someone
Involuntary actions are actions we do without thinking about it like blinking, breathing, and the beating of our heart
What is a reflex
A reflex is an action that is an automatic response to a stimulus
What is the sequence of events for this
stimulus→receptor→coordinator→effector→response
What is a cranial and spinal reflex
Cranial reflexes pass through cranial nerves; Spinal reflex pass through spinal nerves
What is the pupil reflex
A reflex that occurs when your eyes need to adjust to the level of light using neurones in two cranial nerves. These are two types of muscle in each iris. The circular muscles contract to DECREASE the diameter of the pupil; the radial muscles contract to INCREASE its diameter
+Difference between a Neuron and A nerve
Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body. Whereas nerve is a whitish fibre or bundle of fibres in the body made up of number of neuron cells that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord, and impulses from these to the muscles and organs.
Difference between Endocrine and Nervous System
One of the most significant differences between the nervous system and endocrine system is that the nervous system uses electrical impulses to send messages through neurons while endocrine glands use hormones to send messages to the target cells through the bloodstream.
Hormones secreted by the body
Pituitary - anti-diuretic hormone (ADH),
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),
Luteinising hormone (LH),
Growth hormones;
Thyroid – thyroxine.
Pancreas - insulin, glucagon;
Adrenal glands – adrenaline;
Ovary - oestrogen, progesterone;
Testes – testosterone.
