THE HEART AND GREAT VESSELS

Question 1

WHERE DOES THE HEART LIE

Answer 1

MAINLY BEHIND THE STERNUM BUT PROTRUDES INTO THE LEFT HAND SIDE

Question 2

WHAT ARE THE ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS FOR THE CORNERS OF THE HEART

Answer 2

RA - 3RD COSTAL CARTILAGE
RV - 6TH COSTAL CARTILAGE
LA - 2ND COSTAL CARTILAGE
LV - 5TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE

Question 3

WHY ARE THE FOUR CORNERS OF THE HEART CLINICALLY IMPORTANT

Answer 3

DIAGNOSING HEART DEFECTS

Question 4

WHERE DOES THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY ORIGINATE

Answer 4

THE BASE OF THE AORTA

Question 5

THE ATRIA HAVE ……………….. APPENDAGES ATTACHED TO THEM

Answer 5

AURICULAR

Question 6

WHAT ARE THE VALVES OF THE HEART

Answer 6

TRICUSPID
BICUSPID (MITRAL)
AORTIC
PULMONARY

Question 7

HOW MANY SHUNTS ARE IN FOETAL CIRCULATION

Answer 7

3

Question 8

WHAT ARE THE THREE SHUNTS OF FOETAL CIRCULATION

Answer 8

DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
FORAMEN OVALE
DUCTUS VENOSUS

Question 9

EXPLAIN THE FUNCTION OF THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

Answer 9

LUNG BYPASS - A DUCT BETWEEN THE PLUMONARY ARTERIES AND THE AORTA
ALLOWS O2 RICH BLOOD TO BYPASS THE LUNGS
THE RV PUSHES BLOOD INTO THE AORTA INSTEAD OF THE LUNGS

Question 10

EXPLAIN THE FUNCTION OF THE FORAMEN OVALE

Answer 10

ANOTHER BYPASS OF THE LUNGS BETWEEN RIGHT AND LEFT ATRIA ALLOWING OXYGENATED BLOOD TO FLOW

Question 11

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE DUCTUS VENOSUS

Answer 11

LIVER BYPASS

FORM A SHUNT BETWEEN THE UMBILICAL VEIN AND THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA THEREBY BYPASSING THE LIVER

Question 12

THE OBLIQUE SINUS FORM AN …… SHAPED SPACE MARKED BY THE PULMONARY …………………
THE TRANSVERSE SINUS RUNS BEHIND THE …………….. AND PULMONARY ARTERIES IN A WAY THAT ………………….. THE ARTERIES FROM THE VEINS

Answer 12

ARTERIES
AORTA
SEPARATES

Question 13

THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SPLITS INTO THE …………………………….. VEINS. THE LEFT BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN CROSSES THE ………… OF THE AORTA TO CROSS THE BODY. THE BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS SPLIT INTO …………………………… , EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL …………………… VEINS.

Answer 13

BRACHIOCEPHALIC
ARCH
SUBCLAVIAN
JUGULAR

Question 14

WHAT DOES THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUM BECOME

Answer 14

LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM

Question 15

WHAT DOES THE DUCTUS VENOSUM BECOME

Answer 15

LIGAMENTUM VENOSUM

Question 16

WHAT DOES THE FORMAMEN OVALE

Answer 16

FOSSA OVALIS

Question 17

WHAT IS THE CORONARY SINUS

Answer 17

COLLECTION OF VENOUS VESSELS MERGING TO FORM A LARGE VESSEL THAT OPENS INTO THE RIGHT ATRIUM

Question 18

WHAT ARE THE PAPILLARY MUSCLES

Answer 18

THEY CONTRACT TO MAKE SURE THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES ARE CLOSED
THE ARE IN THE WALLS OF THE VENTRICLES ATTACHED TO THE CHORDAE TENDINAE

Question 19

WHAT IS A MODERATOR BAND

Answer 19

A LARGE BAND THAT CARRIES ELECTRICAL SIGNALS

Question 20

WHAT ARE TRABECULAE CARNAE

Answer 20

MUSCULAR ELEVATIONS THAT FORM THE INNER SURFACE OF THE VENTRICLES

Question 21

WHAT ARE CHORDAE TENDINAE

Answer 21

THE ‘HEART STRINGS’ THAT HOLD THE AV VALES IN PLACE

Question 22

WHAT ARE PECTINATE MUSCLES

Answer 22

THE MUSCULAR TEXTURED RIDGES LINING THE ATRIA

Question 23

WHAT IS CRISTAE TERMINALIS

Answer 23

THE SMOOTH SURFACE OF THICK MUSCLE IN THE ATRIA

Question 24

WHAT BRANCHES DOES THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY SPLIT INTO

Answer 24

RIGHT MARGINAL

POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR

Question 25

WHAT BRANCHES DOES THE LEFT CORONARY ARTERY BRANCH INTO

Answer 25

LEFT CIRCUMFLEX | ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR

Question 26

WHAT IS RIGHT DOMINANCE

Answer 26

THE ARTERY SUPPLYING THE POSTERIOR OF THE HEART COMES FROM A BRANCH OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

Question 27

WHAT IS LEFT DOMINANCE

Answer 27

THE ARTERY SUPPLYING THE POSTERIOR OF THE HEART COMES FROM A BRANCH OF THE LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

Question 28

WHAT IS THE DANGER OF LEFT DOMINANCE

Answer 28

IF THE LEFT CORONARY ARTERY AND ITS BRANCHES ARE SUPPLYING THE MADE BLOODY SUPPLY FOR BOTH ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SIDES THEN A BLOCKAGE WOULD AFFECT A GREATER PORTION OF THE HEART WOULD BE AFFECTED IF THERE WAS A BLOCKAGE

Question 29

THE BASE OF THE HEART IS FORMED MAINLY BY THE

Answer 29

LEFT ATRIUM

Question 30

THE APEX OF THE HEART IS FORMED MAINLY BY THE

Answer 30

LEFT VENTRICLE

Question 31

WHAT ARE AORTIC SINUSES

Answer 31

SMALL OPENINGS FOUND BEHIND THE FLAPS OF THE AORTIC VALVE

Question 32

WHAT ARE THE FIVE TRIBUTARIES THAT DRAIN INTO THE CORONARY SINUS

Answer 32

``` THE GREAT CARDIAC VEIN SMALL CARDIAC VEIN LEFT MARGINAL VEIN LEFT POSTERIOR VENTRICULAR VEIN MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN ```

Question 33

WHERE IS THE CORONARY SINUS LOCATED

Answer 33

ALONG THE POSTERIOR CORONARY SULCUS

Question 34

THE SINOATRIAL NODE IS LOCATED WHERE

Answer 34

IN THE UPPER WALL OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM NEAR THE OPENING OF THE CORONARY SINUS

Question 35

THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE IS LOCATED WHERE

Answer 35

IN THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTUM