KIDNEYS, BLADDER AND MALE AND FEMALE PELVIS

Question 1

THE KIDNEYS LIE ON THE …………………….ABDOMINAL WALL EITHER SIDE OF THE …………………… COLUMN PROTECTED BY FAT. THE ………………………………. LUMBORUM MUSCLE, THE DIAPHRAGM AND RIBS 11 AND …………… ARE OTHER IMPORTANT POSTERIOR RELATIONS. THE URETERS RUN DOWN THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL TO ENTER THE ………………. WHERE THEY DRAIN INTO THE ……………………..
THE SUPRAADRENAL GLANDS LIE CLOSE TO THE SUPEROMEDIAL BORDERS OF THE ……………………. WITHIN THE SAME ……………………………… TISSUE CAPSULE.

Answer 1

POSTERIOR
SPINAL
QUADRATUS
12
PELVIS
KIDNEYS
CONNECTIVE

Question 2

THE KIDNEYS RECIEVE ABOUT 25% OF THE CARDIAC OUTPUT NORMALL VIA A SINGLE PAIR OF ARTERIES, WHICH ARTERIES

Answer 2

RENAL ARTERIES

Question 3

AT WHAT LEVEL ARE THE RENAL ARTERIES

Answer 3

L1-L2

THE RENAL ARTERIES COME OFF CLOSE UNDER THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

Question 4

WHAT IS THE INGUINAL CANAL IS A TUNNEL THROUGH THE ABDOMINAL WALL JUST ABOVE THE INGUINAL LIGAMENT. WHAT DOES IT CONTAIN IN THE MALE

Answer 4

SPERMATIC CORD

ILEOINGUINAL NERVE

Question 5

IN MALES, WHAT IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE SPERMATIC CORD

Answer 5

TESTICULAR ARTERY
CREMASTERIC ARTERY
ARTERY TO THE VAS DEFERENS
VAS DEFERENS
PANPINIFORM PLEXUS
LYMPHATICS

Question 6

WHAT IS THE EQUIVALENT OF THE SPERMATIC CORD IN FEMALES

Answer 6

ROUND LIGAMENT

Question 7

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE INGUINAL CANAL

Answer 7

DEVELOPMENTALLY, IT IS THE PATHWAY THROUGH WHICH TESTES LEAVE THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY AND ENTER THE SCROTUM

Question 8

WHERE ARE THE ATTACHMENTS OF THE INGUINAL CANAL

Answer 8

ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE

PUBIC TUBERCLE

Question 9

WHICH LAYERS DOES THE TESTES SIT BETWEEN

Answer 9

BETWEEN THE PERITONEUM AND THE TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA

Question 10

WHAT ARE THE LAYERS INVOLVED IN THE DROPPING OF THE TESTES

Answer 10

PERITONEUM
TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
SCARAPA'S FASCIA
SKIN

Question 11

WHAT DOES THE PERITONEUM BECOME IN THE DESCENT OF THE TESTES

Answer 11

TUNICA VAGINALIS

Question 12

WHAT DOES THE TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA BECOME IN THE DESCENT OF THE TESTES

Answer 12

INTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA

Question 13

WHAT DOES THE INTERNAL OBLIQUE BECOME IN THE DESCENT OF THE TESTE

Answer 13

CREMASTER MUSCLE

Question 14

WHAT DOES THE EXTERNAL OBLIQUE BECOME IN THE DESCENT OF THE TESTES

Answer 14

THE EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA

Question 15

WHAT ARE THE LAYERS SURROUNDING THE TESTES AFTER DESCENT

Answer 15

TUNICA VAGINALIS
INTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA
CREMASTER MUSCLE
EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA

Question 16

WHAT IS THE ONLY LAYER THAT DOES NOT GET DRAGGED THROUGH THE ABDOMINAL WALL DURING TESTICULAR DESCENT

Answer 16

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINUS

Question 17

THE TESTES ARE CONTAINED WITHIN THE …………….. SAC AND ARE SURROUNDED BY ……………………… DERIVED FROM THE …………………………… ABDOMINAL WALL. THEY ARE CONNECTED TO THE PELVIS VIA THE …………………………… CORDS. THESE CONTAIN ARTERIES, NERVES, VEINS AND THE …………. DEFERENS.

Answer 17

SCROTAL
MEMBRANES
ANTERIOR
SPERMATIC
VAS

Question 18

THE TESTES ………………………….. INTO THE SCROTUM DURING ………………………. AND DRAW WITH THEM THEIR BLOOD, ……………………. AND LYMPHATIC SUPPLIES FROM THE ………………………………. ABDOMINAL WALL.

Answer 18

DESCEND
DEVELOPMENT
NERVE
POSTERIOR

Question 19

WHAT IS THE COVERING OF THE TESTES

Answer 19

TUNICA ALBUGINEA A FIBROUS SHEET THAT DIVIDES EACH TESTE INTO LOBULES

Question 20

WHAT GUIDES THE TESTES IN THEIR DESCENT

Answer 20

GUBERNACULUM

Question 21

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE EPIDIDYMIS

Answer 21

TAIL
BODY
HEAD

Question 22

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE EPIDIDYMIS

Answer 22

STORE/MATURATION OF SPERM

Question 23

WHERE IS SEMEN MADE

Answer 23

IN THE SEMENIFEROUS TUBULES

Question 24

HOW IS SEMEN TRANSPORTED FROM THE SEMENIFEROUS TUBULES TO THE EPIDIDYMIS

Answer 24

VIA THE RETE TESTES

Question 25

WHAT DOES THE TAIL OF THE EPIDIDYMIS MARK THE ORIGIN OF

Answer 25

THE VAS DEFERENS

Question 26

WHAT IS THE BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE TESTICLES

Answer 26

TESTICULAR ARTERIES | BUT ALSO FROM CREMASTERIC AND ARTERY OF THE VAS DEFERENS

Question 27

WHERE DO THE TESTICULAR ARTERIES STEM FROM

Answer 27

DIRECTLY FROM THE ABDOMINAL AORTA

Question 28

WHAT IS THE VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE TESTICLES

Answer 28

A NETWORK OF VEINS WRAPPED AROUND THE TESTICULAR ARTERY CALLED THE PANPINIFORM PLEXUS

Question 29

WHEREABOUTS ON THE AORTA DO THE GONADAL ARTERIES ARISE FROM

Answer 29

UNDER THE RENAL ARTERIES | THE BRANCHES LOOK LIKE THEY FOLLOW THE SHAPE AND DIRECTION OF THE URETERS COMING FROM THE KIDNEYS

Question 30

WHERE ARE THE KIDNEYS LOCATED

Answer 30

POSTERIOR ABDOMEN AROUND T12 - L3

Question 31

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS

Answer 31

FILTER AND ECRETE WASTE PRODUCTS FROM THE BLOOD

Question 32

WHY IS THE RIGHT KIDNEY USUALLY SITUATED A LITTLE LOWER

Answer 32

DUE TO PRESENCE OF THE LIVER

Question 33

WHAT ARE THE KIDNEYS COVERED BY

Answer 33

COMPLEX LAYERS OF FASCIA AND FAT

Question 34

WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN AREAS OF THE INSIDES OF THE KIDNEYS

Answer 34

OUTER CORTEX | INNER MEDULLA

Question 35

HOW ARE THE KIDNEY CORTEX AND MEDULLA SEPARATED

Answer 35

THE CORTEX EXTENDS INTO THE MEDULLA DIVIDING INTO TRIANGULAR SHAPES - RENAL PYRAMIDS

Question 36

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE APEX OF A RENAL PYRAMID

Answer 36

RENAL PAPILLA

Question 37

WHAT IS EACH RENAL PAPILLA ASSOCIATED WITH

Answer 37

A MINOR CALYX

Question 38

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MINOR CALYX

Answer 38

COLLECT URINE FROM RENAL PYRAMIDS

Question 39

WHAT DO SEVERAL MINOR CALICES MERGE TO FORM

Answer 39

MAJOR CALYX

Question 40

WHEN URINE PASSES THROUGH THE MAJOR CALYX WHERE DOES IT FLOW NEXT

Answer 40

INTO THE RENAL PELVIS

Question 41

FROM THE RENAL PELVIS, URINE DRAINS WHERE

Answer 41

INTO THE URETERS

Question 42

WHERE DO VESSELS ENTER AND EXIT THE KIDNEY

Answer 42

THE RENAL HILUM

Question 43

WHAT IS THE ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO THE KIDNEYS

Answer 43

RENAL ARTERIES

Question 44

WHERE DOE THE RENAL ARTERIES ARISE

Answer 44

DIRECTLY FROM THE ABDOMINAL AORTA IMMEDIATELY DISTAL TO THE ORIGIN OF THE SMA

Question 45

WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN ROLES OF THE URINARY BLADDER

Answer 45

TEMPORARY STORAGE OF URINE | ASSISTANCE IN EXPULSION OF URINE

Question 46

HOW CAN THE APPEARANCE OF THE BLADDER CHANGE

Answer 46

VARIES DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF URINE STORED | FROM OVAL TO PYRAMIDAL

Question 47

WHAT ARE THE EXTERNAL FEATURES OF THE BLADDER

Answer 47

APEX BODY FUNDUS (BASE) NECK

Question 48

WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF THE FUNDUS OF THE BLADDER

Answer 48

LOCATED POSTERIORLY AND IS TRIANGULAR SHAPED WITH THE TIP OF THE TRIANGLE POINTING BACKWARDS

Question 49

THE NECK OF THE BLADDER IS CONTINUOUS WITH WHAT

Answer 49

THE URETHRA

Question 50

WHAT ORIFICES MARK THE TRIGONE OF THE BLADDER

Answer 50

THE URETERS ENTERING THE BLADDER | THE URETHRA

Question 51

WHAT IS DIFFERENT ABOUT THE SURFACE OF THE TRIGONE IN COMPARISON TO THE REST OF THE INTERNAL BLADDER

Answer 51

THE TRIGONE HAS SMOOTH WALLS

Question 52

THE BLADDER WALL CONTAINS SPECIALISED WHAT

Answer 52

SMOOTH MUSCLE

Question 53

WHAT SMOOTH MUSCLE MAKES UP THE BLADDER WALL

Answer 53

DETRUSOR MUSCLE

Question 54

WHAT DOES DETRUSOR MUSCLE ENABLE

Answer 54

FIBRES ARE ORIENTATED IN MULTIPLE DIRECTIONS SO CAN MAINTAIN STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY EVEN WHEN STRETCHED

Question 55

BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE BLADDER IS PRIMARILY DERIVED FROM WHAT

Answer 55

INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES

Question 56

THE UTERUS IS A THICK-WALLED ......................... ORGAN CAPABLE OF EXPANSION TO ACCOMMODATE A GROWING ................. IT IS CONNECTED .................... TO THE VAGINA AND .......................... TO THE UTERINE TUBES.

Answer 56

MUSCULAR FETUS DISTALLY LATERALLY

Question 57

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE UTERUS

Answer 57

FUNDUS BODY CERVIX

Question 58

WHAT IS THE CERVIX

Answer 58

LOWER PART OF THE UTERUS LINKING IT WITH THE VAGINA

Question 59

WHAT CAN MAKE THE ANATOMICAL LOCATION OF THE UTERUS CHANGE

Answer 59

THE DEGREE OF DISTENSION OF THE BLADDER

Question 60

IN A NORMAL ADULT UTERUS, HOW DO YOU DESCBRIBE THE NORMAL ANATOMICAL POSITION

Answer 60

ANTEREVERTED TOWARDS THE VAGINA | ANTEFLEXED IN RESPECT TO THE CERVIX

Question 61

WHAT ORGANS ARE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO THE UTERUS

Answer 61

UTERUS IS POSTEROSUPERIOR TO THE BLADDER | UTERUS IS ANTEROR TO RECTUM

Question 62

THE FUNDUS AND BODY OF THE UTERUS ARE COMPOSED OF THREE TISSUES LAYERS. WHAT ARE THEY

Answer 62

PERITONEUM MYOMETRIUM ENDOMETRIUM

Question 63

WHAT PROVIDES THE PRIMARY SUPPORT FROM THE UTERUS

Answer 63

THE TONE OF THE PELVIC FLOOR

Question 64

WHAT PROVIDES FURTHER SUPPOT FOR KEEPING THE UTERUS IN PLACE

Answer 64

THE LIGAMENTS

Question 65

HOW MANY LIGAMENTS KEEP THE UTERUS IN PLACE

Answer 65

6

Question 66

WHAT ARE THE LIGAMENTS OF THE UTERUS

Answer 66

``` BROAD LIGAMENT SUSPENSORY ROUND LIGAMENT OVARIAN LIGAMENT CARDINAL LIGAMENT UTEROSACRAL LIGAMENT ```

Question 67

WHAT IS THE BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE UTERUS

Answer 67

UTERINE ARTERY (BRANCH OF INTERNAL ILIAC)

Question 68

WHAT CONNECTS THE OVARY WITH THE UTERINE TUBE

Answer 68

NOTHING

Question 69

IF NOTHING CONNECTS THE OVARY WITH THE UTERUS TUBE, HOW DOES THE OVA GET INTO THE TUBE

Answer 69

FIMRAE SWEEP THE OVA

Question 70

WHERE DOES THE ROUND LIGAMENT INSERT

Answer 70

TRAVERSES THE INGUINAL CANAL AND INSERTS INTO THE LABIA MAJORA

Question 71

WHAT ARE EMBRYOLOGICAL REMNANTS OF THE GUBERNACULUM

Answer 71

OVARIAN AND ROUND LIGAMENTS (CONSIDERED PART OF THE SAME COURSE_

Question 72

THE ...........................IS A CONTINUOUS LAYER DRAPING OVER THE VISCERA. WHERE THE PERITONEUM LAYS OVER THE OVARIAN ..............................BUNDLE, THIS FORMS THE ......................LIGAMENT. POUCHES ARE ALSO FORMED TO SEPARATE THE BLADDER UTERUS AND RECTUM. THESE ARE THE .................................... POUCH AND THE .......................................... POUCH

Answer 72

``` PERITONEUM NEUROVASCULAR SUSPENSORY UTEROVESICAL UTERORECTAL ```

Question 73

STRUCTURES IN THE PELVIS ARE THROUGHT TO ASSIST WITH MAINTAINING THE ANGLES OF ANTEVERSION AND RETROVERSION. WHAT ARE THEY

Answer 73

CARDINAL LIGAMENTS | UTEROSACRAL LIGAMENTS

Question 74

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE PENIS

Answer 74

GLANS BODY ROOT

Question 75

WHAT IS THE ROOT OF THE PENIS MADE UP OF

Answer 75

THE RIGHT AND LEFT CRURA AND THE BULB OF THE PENIS

Question 76

THE RIGHT AND LEFT CRURA CONTINUE TO FORM :

Answer 76

THE 2 CORPUS CAVERNOSUM

Question 77

THE BULB OF THE PENIS FORMS THE

Answer 77

CORPUS SPONGIOSUM

Question 78

THE CORPUS SPONGIOSUM EXPANDS TO FORM

Answer 78

THE GLANS

Question 79

WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL NAME FOR FORESKIN

Answer 79

PREPUCE

Question 80

WHAT IS THE BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE PENIS

Answer 80

DORSAL ARTERIES DEEP ARTERIES BULBOURETHRAL ARTERIES THESE ALL ARISE FROM THE INTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY ARISING FROM THE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY

Question 81

WHAT IS THE INNERVATION TO THE PENIS

Answer 81

PUDENDAL NERVE