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Biology > The heart and blood vessels > Flashcards

The heart and blood vessels Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Arteries

A

-Carry blood away from the heart
-Divide into arterioles
-Blood under high pressure
-Thick wall>Small lumen

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2
Q

Veins

A

-Carry blood to the heart
-Divide into venules
-Blood under low pressure
-Thin wall >large lumen

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3
Q

Capillaries

A

-Tiny vessels that link arteries and veins
-Walls are a single layer of endothelium>very permeable

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4
Q

Layers in the walls of arteries and veins

A

1-Outer layer of inelastic protein (collagen)
2-Middle layer of muscle and elastic fibres
3-Inner layer which surrounds the lumen called the endothelium

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5
Q

Blood pressure

A

-Is the force the blood exerts against the wall of a blood vessel

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6
Q

Valves

A

-Control the direction of blood flow (prevent back flow)

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7
Q

Muscle of the heart

A

-Cardiac muscle

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8
Q

What do the ventricles do?

A

-Pump blood OUT of the heart

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9
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

-Pumps blood to the lungs

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10
Q

Left ventricle

A

-Pumps blood to the head and body
-Longer circuit>wall is much thicker

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11
Q

Atria

A

-Two upper chambers of the heart
-Pump blood to the ventricles
-Short distance>thin walls

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12
Q

Valve on the right-hand side of the heart

A

-Tricuspid valve (three flaps)

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13
Q

Valve on the left-hand side of the heart

A

-Bicuspid valve (two flaps)

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14
Q

Valve that allows blood to flow out of the heart

A

-Semilunar valves

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15
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

-Vena cava>Right atrium>Tricuspid valve>Right ventricle>Forced through semilunar valve and pulmonary artery to the heart and lungs

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16
Q

Oxygenated blood

A

-Pulmonary vein>Left atrium>Bicuspid valve>Left ventricle>Forced through semilunar valve and aorta to body

17
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

-Heart>Body>Heart

17
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

-Heart>Lungs>Heart

18
Q

Portal System

A

-Is a blood pathway that begins and ends with capillaries

19
Q

Pacemaker

A

-Controls heartbeat

20
Q

Control of a heartbeat

A

-Pacemaker pulses and causes atria to contract
-Impulse stimulates the AV node
-AV node sends impulses down muscle fibres in the sepum
-Impulses causes ventricles to contract

21
Q

Diastole

A

-When the heart chambers relax

22
Q

Systole

A

-When the heart chambers contract

23
Q

Pulse

A

-Is the alternate expansion and contraction of arteries

24
Q

Factors that effect the heart

A

-Smoking
-Diet
-Fats
-Salt
-Overweight
-Exercise

Biology (11 decks)

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