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Biology > Food > Flashcards

Food Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why do we need food

A

-Energy
-Make chemicals needed for metabolic reactions
-Growth and repair

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2
Q

Common elements in food

A

C-Carbon
H-Hydrogen
O-Oxygen
N-Nitrogen
P-Phosphorus
S-Sulfur

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3
Q

Elements present in dissolved salts

A

Na-Sodium
Mg-Magnesium
Cl-Chlorine
K-Potassium
Ca-Calcium

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4
Q

3 trace elements found in food

A

Fe-Iron
Cu-Copper
Zn-Zinc

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5
Q

What are biomolecules

A

Are chemicals made inside a living thing

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6
Q

4 types of molecules

A

-Carbohydrates
-Lipids (fats and oils)
-Proteins
-Vitamins

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7
Q

Elements in carbohydrates

A

C-Carbon
H-Hydrogen
O-Oxygen

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8
Q

Classification of carbs (3)

A

-Monosaccharides
-Disaccharides
-Polysaccharides

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9
Q

What are monosaccharides composed of ?

A

A single sugar unit

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10
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

-Glucose
-Fructose

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11
Q

What are disaccharides composed of?

A

Two sugar units bonded together

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12
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

-Maltose
-Sucrose

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13
Q

What are polysaccharides composed of ?

A

Many sugar units

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14
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

-Starch
-Cellulose
-Glycogen

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15
Q

Sources of carbohydrates

A

-Bread
-Potatoes
-Pasta

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16
Q

Structural role of carbohydrates

A

Cellulose is used to form plant cell walls

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17
Q

Metabolic role of carbohydrates

A

-Glucose is broken down in respiration to release energy
-Glucose is made in photosynthesis

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18
Q

Elements in lipids

A

-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen

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19
Q

Fats are lipids that are..

A

Solid at room temp

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20
Q

Oils are lipids that are..

A

Liquid at room temp

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21
Q

Structure of lipids

A

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
(triglyceride)

22
Q

Sources of lipids

A

-Butter
-Oil
-Cream
-Fatty foods

23
Q

Structural role of lipids

A

-Energy stores in plants and animals
-Heat insulation
-Protection of organs

24
Q

Metabolic role of lipids

A

-Broken down in respiration to release energy

25
Q

Phospholipids

A

Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate

26
Q

Elements in proteins

A

-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
-Nitrogen
(may contain sulfur and phosphorus)

27
Q

Structure of protein

A

Composed of amino acids

28
Q

Whats the bond between amino acids called?

A

Peptide pond
(less than 20 amino acids)

29
Q

What has more than 20 amino acids?

A

Polypeptide

30
Q

Folding on fibrous proteins

A

Little to none (strong and tough fibres)

31
Q

Folding on Globular proteins

A

Lots of folding (form rounded shapes)

32
Q

Example of fibrous proteins

A

Keratin

33
Q

Example of globular protein

A

Enzymes

34
Q

Sources of proteins

A

-Meat
-Fish
-Eggs
-Nuts

35
Q

Structural role of proteins

A

-Keratin found in skin and hair
-Myosin found in muscle

36
Q

Metabolic role of proteins

A

-Used as enzymes to control reactions
-Form antibodies

37
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

B & C

38
Q

Metabolic role of vitamin C

A

Growth and maintenance of bones and teeth

39
Q

Deficiency of vitamin C
(disease and symptoms)

A

Disease-Scurvy
Symptoms-Bleeding gums and teeth

40
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E & K

41
Q

Metabolic Role of Vitamin D

A

-Helps absorb calcium
-Healthy bones and teeth formation

42
Q

Deficiency of vitamin D
(disease and symptoms)

A

Disease-Rickets
Symptoms-Weak and deformed bones

43
Q

Why are minerals needed for plants and animals?

A

-Form rigid body structures
-Form biomolecules

44
Q

Two minerals found in plants

A

-Magnesium
-Calcium

45
Q

Two minerals found in animals

A

-Iron
-Calcium

46
Q

Why is water essential to life?

A

-Liquid in which all metabolic reactions take place
-Basis for transport systems

47
Q

What are anabolic reactions?

A

Use energy to convert smaller molecules to larger molecules

48
Q

What are catabolic reactions?

A

Release energy when larger more complex molecules are broken down into smaller simpler forms

49
Q

Example of an anabolic reaction

A

Protein Synthesis

50
Q

Example of a catabolic reaction

A

Digestion

Biology (11 decks)

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