Food Flashcards
Why do we need food
-Energy
-Make chemicals needed for metabolic reactions
-Growth and repair
Common elements in food
C-Carbon
H-Hydrogen
O-Oxygen
N-Nitrogen
P-Phosphorus
S-Sulfur
Elements present in dissolved salts
Na-Sodium
Mg-Magnesium
Cl-Chlorine
K-Potassium
Ca-Calcium
3 trace elements found in food
Fe-Iron
Cu-Copper
Zn-Zinc
What are biomolecules
Are chemicals made inside a living thing
4 types of molecules
-Carbohydrates
-Lipids (fats and oils)
-Proteins
-Vitamins
Elements in carbohydrates
C-Carbon
H-Hydrogen
O-Oxygen
Classification of carbs (3)
-Monosaccharides
-Disaccharides
-Polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides composed of ?
A single sugar unit
Examples of monosaccharides
-Glucose
-Fructose
What are disaccharides composed of?
Two sugar units bonded together
Examples of disaccharides
-Maltose
-Sucrose
What are polysaccharides composed of ?
Many sugar units
Examples of polysaccharides
-Starch
-Cellulose
-Glycogen
Sources of carbohydrates
-Bread
-Potatoes
-Pasta
Structural role of carbohydrates
Cellulose is used to form plant cell walls
Metabolic role of carbohydrates
-Glucose is broken down in respiration to release energy
-Glucose is made in photosynthesis
Elements in lipids
-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
Fats are lipids that are..
Solid at room temp
Oils are lipids that are..
Liquid at room temp
Structure of lipids
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
(triglyceride)
Sources of lipids
-Butter
-Oil
-Cream
-Fatty foods
Structural role of lipids
-Energy stores in plants and animals
-Heat insulation
-Protection of organs
Metabolic role of lipids
-Broken down in respiration to release energy
Phospholipids
Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate
Elements in proteins
-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
-Nitrogen
(may contain sulfur and phosphorus)
Structure of protein
Composed of amino acids
Whats the bond between amino acids called?
Peptide pond
(less than 20 amino acids)
What has more than 20 amino acids?
Polypeptide
Folding on fibrous proteins
Little to none (strong and tough fibres)
Folding on Globular proteins
Lots of folding (form rounded shapes)
Example of fibrous proteins
Keratin
Example of globular protein
Enzymes
Sources of proteins
-Meat
-Fish
-Eggs
-Nuts
Structural role of proteins
-Keratin found in skin and hair
-Myosin found in muscle
Metabolic role of proteins
-Used as enzymes to control reactions
-Form antibodies
Water soluble vitamins
B & C
Metabolic role of vitamin C
Growth and maintenance of bones and teeth
Deficiency of vitamin C
(disease and symptoms)
Disease-Scurvy
Symptoms-Bleeding gums and teeth
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E & K
Metabolic Role of Vitamin D
-Helps absorb calcium
-Healthy bones and teeth formation
Deficiency of vitamin D
(disease and symptoms)
Disease-Rickets
Symptoms-Weak and deformed bones
Why are minerals needed for plants and animals?
-Form rigid body structures
-Form biomolecules
Two minerals found in plants
-Magnesium
-Calcium
Two minerals found in animals
-Iron
-Calcium
Why is water essential to life?
-Liquid in which all metabolic reactions take place
-Basis for transport systems
What are anabolic reactions?
Use energy to convert smaller molecules to larger molecules
What are catabolic reactions?
Release energy when larger more complex molecules are broken down into smaller simpler forms
Example of an anabolic reaction
Protein Synthesis
Example of a catabolic reaction
Digestion
