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Biology > Monera (Bacteria) > Flashcards

Monera (Bacteria) Flashcards

1
Q

Whats a micro-organism?

A

Small living things

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2
Q

Parts of a bacterial cell
(always present)

A

-Cell wall
-Cell membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Ribosome
-Storage granule
-Loop of DNA

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3
Q

Parts of a bacterial cell
(sometimes present)

A

-Capsule (slime layer)
-Flagella
-Plasmid

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4
Q

Function of flagella

A

Make the bacteria mobile

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5
Q

What do plasmids contain?

A

Genes that are responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics

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6
Q

Classification of Bacteria
(3 types)

A

-Round
-Rod-shaped
-Spiral

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7
Q

Whats the method by which bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission

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8
Q

3 steps of binary fission

A

-DNA strand copies itself so now there’s two identical strands
-The cell elongates with a stand of DNA attached to each end
-Cell splits in two

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9
Q

Why do some bacteria have endospores?

A

To withstand harsh (unfavourable conditions)

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10
Q

3 steps of endospore formation

A

-Chromosome replicates
-New stand becomes enclosed by tough-walled endospore
-Parent cell breaks down and endospore remains dormant

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11
Q

Autotrophic

A

Means an organism can make its own food

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12
Q

Heterotrophic

A

Means an organism takes in food made by other organisms

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13
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Is the production of food using energy released from chemical reactions

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14
Q

Saprophytes

A

Are organisms that feed on dead sources

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15
Q

Parasites

A

Obtain their food from a live host

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16
Q

Photsynthetic

A

Use light to make their food

17
Q

Factors affecting the growth of bacteria

A

-Temperature
-Oxygen concentration
-pH
-Presure

18
Q

Whats a facultative anaerobe?

A

Can respire with or without oxygen

19
Q

Whats an obligate bacteria?

A

Can only respire in the absence of oxygen

20
Q

Economic benefits of bacteria

A

-Used to convert milk to butter, cheese and yogurt
-Involved in the production of antibiotics

21
Q

Economic disadvantages of bacteria

A

-Bacteria causes food decay
-Causes human and animal diseases

22
Q

Whats pathogenic bacteria?

A

Causes disease

23
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Chemicals produced by micro-organisms that stop the growth/kill other micro-organisms without damaging human tissue

24
Q

What does it mean for bacteria to be antibiotic-resistant?

A

Bacteria isn’t affected by the antibiotic being used

25
Q

What causes antibiotic resistance?

A

-Caused by mutations
>from overuse of antibiotics
or
>failure of the patient to complete their treatment of antibiotics

26
Q

5 phases in the growth curve of bacteria

A

-Lag phase
-Log phase
-Stationary phase
-Decline phase
-Survival phase

27
Q

What happens in the lag phase?

A

-Bacterial numbers remain constant
-Bacteria are adapting to their new enviroment

28
Q

What happens in the log phase?

A

-Bacterial number increase rapidly
-Reproducing at their maximum rate because of ideal conditions

29
Q

What happens in the stationary phase?

A

-No increase in bacterial numbers
-Birth rate = death rate of the bacteria
-Lack of food, space and oxygen

30
Q

What happens in the decline phase?

A

-Number of bacteria falls rapidly
-Death rate> birth rate of bacteria
-Lack of food, space and oxygen

31
Q

What happens in the survival phase?

A

-A small number of bacteria survive by remaining dormant as spores

32
Q

What is batch culture?

A

Is the growth of cells in a sealed container (bioreactor) over a short period of time and under ideal conditions until all the nutrients are used up

33
Q

What is continuous flow food processing?

A

Is the growth of cells in an open container (bioreactor) where nutrients are added and the end products are removed all the time at a rate that maintains the volume of liquid and number of cells

34
Q

What is a bioreactor?

A

Is a vessel in which living cells or their products are used to make a product

Biology (11 decks)

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