The Heart Flashcards
Where is the heart located
In the mediastanum of thoracic cavity
Surrounds the heart
Pericardium
Is posterior Site where great vessels attach to the heart
Base
Inferior tip of the heart
Apex
Superior chambers
Atria
Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circuit
Right atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary circuit
Left atrium
Inferior chambers
Ventricles
Ejects deoxygenated blood to pulmonary trunk
Right ventricle
Divides into pulmonary arteries and sends blood to lungs
Pulmonary trunk
Ejects oxygenated blood into aorta
Left ventricle
Number the process of circulation through the heart (1-5)
Deoxygenated blood is received by right atrium
1
Where does the deoxygenated blood that is received by the right atrium come from
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
Number the process of circulation through the heart (1-5)
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
4
Number the process of circulation through the heart (1-5)
Blood enter right ventricle and is ejected into pulmonary trunk
2
Number the process of circulation through the heart (1-5)
Oxygenated blood enters left ventricle and is ejected into aorta and systemic arteries
5
Number the process of circulation through the heart (1-5)
Pulmonary trunk divides to form pulmonary arteries that deliver blood to lungs
3
Monitors electrical signals as they as they move through the body and cardiac muscle
Electrocardiogram
Evaluates ionic movement throughout the body
ECG
Evaluates ionic movement across a cellular membrane
Recording microelectrode
3 major components of a healthy ECG
P wave
QRS complex
T wave
Atrial depolarization
P wave
Ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
What occurs at the same time
Atrial repolarization
Ventricular repolarization
T wave
ECG ________ and _______ are regions between waves
Segments and intervals
From beginning of P wave to begining of QRS complex
PR interval
What does a delay in the PR interval indicate
Heart block
Elevation of __________ Indicates a heart attack
ST segment
Period of time and set events that occur during one complete beat of the heart
Cardiac cycle
Contraction
Systole
Relaxation
Diastole
What is the 5 stages of the cardiac cycle
Total diastole
Atrial systole
Early ventricular systole
Late ventricular systole
Early ventricular diastole
-Myocardium is completely relaxed
-blood passively fills chambers of the heart
-AV valves open and SL valves are closed
Total diastole
-Contraction of atrial adds blood to ventricular volume
-130ml
-AV valves are open and SL valves are closed
-aortic pressure decreases as blood flows into systemic circuit
Atrial systole
-Refered to as isovolumetric contraction phase
-ventricles contract and ventricular pressure increases
-AV valves close and produce S1 heart sound
-since all 4 valves are closed there is no change in ventricular volume
Early ventricular systole
-Ventricular ejection phase
-ventricular pressure increases as SL valves open; AV valves remain closed
-blood is ejected into pulmonary trunk and aorta
-atria is relaxed
Late ventricular systole
-The second phase of ventricular diastole
-ventricles continue to relax and pressure decreases
-When ventricular pressure decreases lower than atrial pressure AV valves opeen
Late ventricular diastole
Normal heart sounds are produced by the closure of ___________ or __________
atrioventricular valves or semilunar valves
First heart sound is produced by
AV valves
Second heart sound is produced by
SL valves
Illustrates the pressure within the atria, ventricles and aorta during the cardiac cycle
Wiggers diagram
The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute
Cardiac output
Average Cardiac output of an adult
5L/min
Both ______ and _______ can be regulated to control cardiac output
Heart rate and stroke rate
Only part of the end of diastolic volume EDV is ejected
Ejection Fraction
