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Anaphy Finals > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

-Controls cardiac and smooth muscles and glands
-Controls involuntary responses
-Helps maintain homeostasis
-Primarily innervates

A

Autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

Associated with fight or flight responses

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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4
Q

Associated with rest and digest responses

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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5
Q

Most organs receive what type of innervation

A

Dual innervation from both divisions

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6
Q

Responds to a threat to our homeostasis or enables survival

A

Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

What are the responses of the sympathetic nervous system (5) examples

A

1.Increases oxygen delivered to skeletal muscle
2.Increases sweating
3.Blood is shifted away from the digestive system and toward skeletal muscle
4.Pupils dilate
5.brain becomes alert

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8
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies in thoracic and lumber regions of spinal cord

A

Sympathetic pathways

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9
Q

Where are the Synapse with postganglionic neurons cell bodies located in?

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia

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10
Q

How many Ganglia are next located to vertebral column

A

23

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11
Q

Short preganglionic axons project through __________ and ___________

A

White rami communicantes and can synapse

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12
Q

Short preganglionic axons project through White rami communicantes and can synapse are found at these 3.

A

At the ganglion at the same level
At a more Superior or inferior ganglion
At prevertebral ganglia or the adrenal medulla

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13
Q

Long postganglionic axons project to _________ through ______________

A

Target effector
Gray rami communicantes

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14
Q

Helps regulate activities in abdominal organs and is located in anterior vertebral column

A

Collateral Ganglia

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15
Q

What is part of the collateral Ganglia?
(3)

A

Celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and inferior mesenteric ganglion

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16
Q

The sympathetic pathways is also called as the

A

Thoracolumbar system

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17
Q

What is the other name for collateral ganglia

A

Prevertebral ganglia

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18
Q

The collateral ganglia is also part of the _____________________

A

Enteric nervous system

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19
Q

Where does the collateral ganglia receive input from?

A

Splanchnic nerves and central sympathetic neurons

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20
Q

What is in the lateral horn of the thoracic or lumbar region in the spinal cord

A

Cell body of the Preganglionic neurons

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21
Q

What are the neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

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22
Q

This Neurotransmitter is Used at the synapse of the sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

A

Acetylcholine

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23
Q

Released by postganglionic neurons onto the target cells

A

Norepinephrine

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24
Q

Activation of the sympathetic NS can cause ________ in the _________

A

hormone release
adrenal medulla

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25
Q

What is the other name for epinephrine

A

Adrenaline

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26
Q

What is the other name for norepinephrine

A

Noradrenaline

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27
Q

Where does the Pre ganglionic axons terminate

-no ganglion involved

A

adrenal medulla

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28
Q

____________ releases hormones directly into the blood

A

Postganglionic neurons

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29
Q

-Activates when the body is not stressed or under a threat
-Controls rest and digest

A

Parasympathetic Division of the Autonomic nervous system

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30
Q

What activities are under the parasympathetic division? (6)

A

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Digestion
Defacation
Sexual arousal

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31
Q

Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons located brain stem and sacral spinal cord

A

Parasympathetic pathways

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32
Q

The parasympathetic pathways is also called as the

A

Craniosacral system

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33
Q

Long preganglionic neurons project to effector through _________ and ________

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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34
Q

Synapse with post ganglionic cell bodies near or in effector are located in the ______________

A

Terminal or intramural ganglia

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35
Q

______________ projects to the target organ

A

Short postganglionic axons

36
Q

Preganglionic axons in _______ project to ciliary ganglion; post ganglionic neurons then control iris

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

37
Q

Preganglionic axons in _________ project to pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia to control production of saliva, mucus and tears
-innervates two of the 3 salivary gland pairs

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

38
Q

Preganglionic axons of _________ project to otic nucleus to control saliva production
-innervates only one pair of salivary glands

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

39
Q

Preganglionic nerves project through ___________ to innervate organs in thoracic,abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

Vagus nerves (CN X)

40
Q

Pre ganglionic axons mix with __________
In plexuses

A

Sympathetic postganglionic axons

41
Q

Preganglionic axons from __________ form pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

Sacral region

42
Q

In the Parasympathetic nervous system the Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are located in__________ and _______

A

Brain stem and sacral spinal cord

43
Q

_____________ project to ganglia near or within target organ

A

Long preganglionic axons

44
Q

____________ synapse with cells in target organ

A

Short postganglionic axons

45
Q

What are the neurotransmitters of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

46
Q

Is released by pre ganglionic and post ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

47
Q

What are the synapses of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Cholinergic synapses
Adrenergic synapses

48
Q

Acetylcholine is neurotransmitter released

A

Cholinergic synapses

49
Q

Norepinephrine is neurotransmitter released

A

Adrenergic synapses

50
Q

What are the types of cholinergic receptors

A

Nicotinic receptors
Muscarinic receptors

51
Q

Endogenous ligand-acetylcholine
Exogeneous ligand-nicotine
Chemically gated ion channels

A

Nicotinic receptors

52
Q

-Endogenous ligand-acetylcholine
-Exogenous ligand- muscarine
-Triggers changes in cells without allowing ions to pass through membrane

A

Muscarinic receptors

53
Q

Depolarizes the postsynaptic cell causing contraction or a new action potential

A

Nicotinic receptors

54
Q

Can have excitory or inhibitory effects but is not an ion channel so does not directly affect membrane potential

A

Muscarinic receptors

55
Q

Is located at the adrenal medulla , all skeletal neuromuscular junctions postganglionic throughout the ANS, some CNS synapses

A

Nicotinic receptors

56
Q

Is located at All target tissues of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Muscarinic receptors

57
Q

Types of adrenergic receptors

A

Alpha adrenergic receptors and Beta adrenergic receptors

58
Q

Location and function of alpha 1 receptor

A

Located in skin, GI and pelic organs, blood vessels

Smooth muscle contraction, causes arrector pili muscle to tense and causes vasoconstriction in muscles

59
Q

Location and function of alpha 2 receptor

A

Pancreas, Platelets and CNS
Inhibits insulin release and promotes blood clotting

60
Q

Location and function of Beta 1 receptor

A

Heart and kidney
Increases heart rate, force of contraction, and secretion of Renin

61
Q

Location and function of Beta 2 receptor

A

Blood vessels (select locations), lungs, uterus, stomach, and intestines

Causes relaxation and dilation of blood vessels that lead to the heart skeletal muscle and liver, causes relaxation of the bronchioles in the lungs and causes intestine and stomach to relax and expand

62
Q

Location and function of Beta 3 receptor

A

Adipose tissue
Stimulate breakdown of lipids

63
Q

What is used in cholinergic synapses

A

Acetylcholine

64
Q

______ and _______ are used in adrenergic synapses

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

65
Q

Helps maintain internal homeostasis

A

Autonomic reflexes

66
Q

Autonomic reflexes are important in maintaining parameters like these 4 examples

A

Blood pressure
Heart rate
Airway diameter
Digestive activity

67
Q

Affector Branch is a _________

A

Single neuron

68
Q

Sensory info comes from ______,_______ and ________

A

Somatic, special senses and viscera

69
Q

Some ______ sensations are not consciously received

A

Visual

70
Q

Efferent branch is _______

A

Two neurons

71
Q

Pre ganglionic neuron synapses with a ____________ in a ganglion

A

Postganglionic neuron

72
Q

Projects to Target tissue in the efferent branch

A

Postganglionic neuron

73
Q

are the combinations of sympathetic and parasympathetic axons

A

Autonomic plexuses

74
Q

What are the 4 types of autonomic plexuses

A

Cardiac plexus
Pulmonary plexus
Esophageal plexus
Abdominal aortic plexus

75
Q

The abdominal plexus has 4 subdivisions what are these?

A

Celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric and hypogastric plexuses

76
Q

Both divisions of the autonomic nervous system innervates most organs Wich is called?

A

Dual innervation

77
Q

What organs receive only sympathetic innervation

A

Blood vessels,sweat glands and arrector pili muscle

78
Q

Lower heart rate, increased GI activity, pupil dilation, airway constriction and decreased breathing rate

A

Parasympathetic dominance

79
Q

Increases heart rate, decreased GI activity, pupil constriction, decreased breathing rate

A

Sympathetic dominance

80
Q

It is the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic dominance when an organ Is at rest

-different for each organ

A

Autonomic tone

81
Q

Dominates the heart at rest
Lowers heart rate to normal range

A

Parasympsthetic tone

82
Q

Dominates blood vessels at rest
Adjust constriction of vessels to maintain blood pressure

A

Sympathetic tone

83
Q

It’s aim is to I crease the neutrients and deliver more blood to the head and muscle

A

Autonomic nervous system’s response to stress

84
Q

Stress response results in these 4 examples

A

1.Lipid breakdown and increased blood glucose
2.airway dilation for increased oxygen in blood
3.increased blood flow to skeletal muscles; decreased blood flow to viscera
4.higher blood pressure to increase speed of delivery to brain and muscles

85
Q

This also helps in stress response

A

Endocrine hormones

Anaphy Finals (8 decks)

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