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Biology topic 4 exchange and transport > the heart > Flashcards

the heart Flashcards

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1
Q

septum

A

thick muscle that seperarates deox and ox blood from mixing

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2
Q

features of the cardiac muscle

A

-carrying on own contraction and rhythm
-has a good blood supply
-contains myoglobin as store of oxygen

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3
Q

how does the cardiac muscle have a good blood supply

A

-coronary arteries bring ox blood to the tissue

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4
Q

role of inferior vena cava

A

collects deox blood from lower parts of the body

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5
Q

superior vena cava

A

-receives deox blood from head neck arms and chest and delivers to right atrium

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6
Q

what happens when right atrium fills with blood

A

-pressure builds and tricuspid valve opens so right ventricle starts to fill with blood

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7
Q

what happens when atrium is full

A

contracts and forces blood into the ventricles

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8
Q

features of the atrium

A

-think muscle walls because receives blood at low pressure
-one way semilunar valves at entrance of atrium to stop backflow of blood

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9
Q

features of the tricuspid valve

A

made of 3 flaps
-known as the atrioventricular valve
-separates atrium from ventricle

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10
Q

role of tricuspid valve

A

-allows blood to pass from the atrium to the ventricle but not other way

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11
Q

role of right ventricle

A

-filled with blood as right atrium contracts
-muscular walls produce pressure needed to force blood out of heart to pulmonary arteries

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12
Q

blood returning from lungs to left side of heart

A

-through pulmonary veins
-low pressure after passing through capillaries
-blood returns to left atrium
-contracts to force blood into left ventricle
-backflow prevented by bicuspid valve

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13
Q

role of left ventricle

A

-pumps blood out of heart into aorta
-carries blood away from heart at even higher pressures

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14
Q

why muscle on left side of heart thicker than right

A

right side pumps blood to lungs- close so low pressures
-left side needs pressures to give blood to all of body and overcome elastic recoil of arteries
-semilunar valves prevent back flow of blood from aorta into ventricle

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15
Q

foramen ovale

A

in embryo
-gap between septum
-blood from two sides of heart can mix
-doesnt matter because lungs of fetus dont function and little blood flows to them

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16
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

when foramen ovale doesnt close and causes hole in heart

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17
Q

how beating sounds produced

A

-made by blood hitting heart valves

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18
Q

first sound of the heart

A

-comes as blood is forces against the atrioventricular valves when ventricles contract

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19
Q

second sound of heart

A

-comes as backflow of blood hits the semilunar valves in pulmonary artery and aorta as ventricles relax

20
Q

what does rate of heart beat show

A

how fast your fast is contracting

21
Q

atrial systole

A

when atria contact forcing blood in the ventricles

22
Q

ventricular systole

A

when ventricles contract

23
Q

order of systole

A

ventricular systole after atrial systole
-forces blood out of ventricles into pulmonary artery and aorta
-relaxation diastole

24
Q

myogenic heart

A

cardiac muscle contracts without any external stimulus from the nervous system

25
Q

features of the sinoatrial node

A

-group of cells in right atrium
-has fastest intrinsic rhythm
-acts as hearts own pacemaker

26
Q

role of sinoatrial node in the cardiac cycle

A

-sets up wave of electrical excitation (depolarisation) that causes the atria to start contracting

27
Q

role of annulus fibrous in cardiac cycle

A

-prevents the excitation from the atria spreading directly the ventricles

28
Q

annulus fibrous

A

-region of non conducting tissue between the atrium and the ventricle

29
Q

atrioventricular node role in cardiac cycle

A

-depolarisation from SAN spreads through atria as they contract
-cant pass through annulus fibrous so stimulates AVN

30
Q

atrioventricular node

A

-region of conducting tissue between atrium and ventricle

31
Q

bundle of his role in the cardiac cycle

A

-AVN stimulated but delay before it passes wave of depolarisation to bundle of His
-ensures atria have stopped contracting before ventricles start

32
Q

bundle of His

A

-group of conducting fibres in the septum of the heart

33
Q

what does His split into

A

-splits into two branches and carries wave of excitation into purkyne tissue

34
Q

role of purkyne tissue in cardiac cycle

A

-as depolarisation travels through the tissue it sets off the contraction of the ventricles starting at the apex and squeezing blood out of heart

35
Q

purkyne tissue

A

-conducting fibres that penetrate down through the septum spreading around the ventricles

36
Q

whats is measured in ECGs

A

-the electrical changes measured

37
Q

what causes a repeating cardiac cycle

A

-changes in electrical excitation of the heart

38
Q

what makes sure the atria have stopped contracting before the ventricles start

A

the speed at which the depolarisation spreads through the heart, with the hesitation before the AVN stimulates the bundle of His

39
Q

whats an ECG used for

A

to investigate the rhythms of the heart by producing a record of the electrical activity of the heart

40
Q

how to take an ECG steps

A

12 electrodes and leads attached to body
-skin wiped with alcohol to remove sweat and grease to make sure electrodes stick

41
Q

gel applied with ECG

A

-special gel applied to electrodes to make sure they conduct electricity as efficiently as possible

42
Q

fast heartbeat

A

tachycardia

43
Q

slow heartbeat

A

bradycardia

44
Q

PR interval

A

atrial depolarisation

45
Q

QRS interval

A

ventricular depolarisation

46
Q

QT interval

A

ventricular repolarisation

47
Q

262

A

Biology topic 4 exchange and transport (14 decks)

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