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A Level Biology - 3.1.2 Transport in animals > The heart > Flashcards

The heart Flashcards

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1
Q

What muscle is the heart made off?

A

Cardiac muscle which doesn’t fatigue

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2
Q

What do coronary arteries do?

A

They supply cardiac muscle with oxygenated blood

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3
Q

What are components of the heart?

A

Cardiac muscle, coronary arteries and pericardial membrane

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4
Q

What is the function of pericardial membrane?

A

It surrounds the heart to prevent heart from over-distending

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5
Q

What does over-distending mean?

A

Overfilling with blood

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6
Q

What are the valves in the heart?

A

Atrioventricular and semi-lunar valves

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7
Q

Where are the types of atrioventricular valves?

A

Tricuspid and bicuspid valves

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8
Q

Where are the atrioventricular valves located?

A

Between the atria and ventricle

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9
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

A

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

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10
Q

Where is the bicuspid valve located?

A

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

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11
Q

Where is are the semi-lunar valves located?

A

At the end of the pulmonary artery and start of aorta

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12
Q

What is the function of semi-lunar valves?

A

They prevent blood from flowing backwards in the heart after ventricles have contracted

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13
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The pressure exerted on the alls of the blood vessels and is the type of hydrostatic pressure

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14
Q

Where does blood pressure come from?

A

It originates from the contraction of the ventricle heart muscles

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15
Q

How is blood pressure measured?

A

In kPa

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16
Q

How longs does the cardiac cycle take in humans?

A

0.8 at 75 bpm

17
Q

What does the cardiac cycle consist of?

A

Diastole and systole

18
Q

What is diastole?

A

Heart ventricles relax

19
Q

What is systole?

A

Heart ventricles contracts

20
Q

What happens when cardiac muscles in ventricles relax?

A

Atria fills with blood and the pressure inside atria exceeds pressure in ventricles.

21
Q

What is the result of atria filling?

A

Volume and pressure of heart builds as heart fills and pressure in arteries is minimum

22
Q

What happens to the semi-lunar valves in diastole?

A

Semi-lunar valves in aorta and pulmonary arteries shut to prevent blood trickling back

23
Q

What happens to atrioventricular valves in diastole?

A

They open so that as blood enters the atria, it can go straight through into the ventricles

24
Q

What happens as a result of diastole?

A

Ventricles fills up with blood

25
Q

What happens in systole?

A

Atria contracts and then ventricles contract

26
Q

What is the result of ventricles and atria contracts?

A

Pressure in heart rises dramatically

27
Q

What is the result of systole?

A

Blood is forced out of ventricles to pulmonary artery and aorta

28
Q

What is the pressure at the end of systole?

A

Blood pressure and volume in heart are low so blood pressure in arteries is now high

29
Q

What is atrial systole?

A

Atria contracts to pass last bit of blood into ventricle

30
Q

What happens to atrioventricular valves in systole?

A

Atrioventricular valves are pushed shut as the blood is pushed upwards

31
Q

What is ventricular systole?

A

Ventricle starts to contract from the apex upwards

32
Q

What is the apex?

A

The bottom of the heart

33
Q

Why do semi-lunar valves open?

A

Ventricles are still contracting so blood pressure forces semi-lunar valves open

34
Q

What is the overall result of systole?

A

Blood is pushed into the aorta and the pulmonary artery

A Level Biology - 3.1.2 Transport in animals (6 decks)

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