Blood

Question 1

What are components of blood?

Answer 1

Plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes, phagocytes and platelets

Question 2

What is plasma?

Answer 2

It makes up 55% of blood as its liquid yello medium that carries blood cells, platelets and dissolved substances

Question 3

What are erythrocytes?

Answer 3

Red blood cells

Question 4

What are leucocytes and phagocytes?

Answer 4

White blood cells

Question 5

What are platelets?

Answer 5

Fragments of cells called megakaryocytes found in red bone marrow

Question 6

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 6

Blood clotting

Question 7

What are the dissolved substances in plasma?

Answer 7

Glucose, amino acids, mineral ions, hormones and large plasma proteins

Question 8

What are examples of large plasma proteins?

Answer 8

Albumin and fibrinogen

Question 9

What are examples of substances transported by blood?

Answer 9

Oxygen and carbon dioxide, digested food molecules, nitrogenous waste products chemical messengers antibodies and platelets

Question 10

How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

Answer 10

Oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells

Question 11

How are digested food molecules transported in the blood?

Answer 11

From small intestine to cells

Question 12

How are nitrogenous waste products transported in the blood?

Answer 12

From cells to excretory organs

Question 13

Where are food molecules transported from?

Answer 13

Storage

Question 14

How are platelets transported in the blood?

Answer 14

To damaged areas

Question 15

How can dissolved substances move in and out of capillaries?

Answer 15

In the plasma, they can pass through gaps in capillary wall except large plasma proteins which have an osmotic effect

Question 16

What is the water potential in capillaries as result of protein movement?

Answer 16

Low water potential so water moves into capillaries from fluid surrounding them

Question 17

What is the osmotic pressure caused by proteins?

Answer 17

-3.3 kPa

Question 18

Why is blood under pressure as it enters capillaries?

Answer 18

Pumping of heart

Question 19

What is the result of capillary pressure?

Answer 19

Fluid is squeezed out of capillary as hydrostatic pressure is higher than osmotic pressure?

Question 20

What is the result of fluid being squeezed out?

Answer 20

Dissolved substances in the tissue fluid diffuses into cell

Question 21

What happens as blood moves back into venous system?

Answer 21

Hydrostatic pressure falls as fluid is pushed out, osmotic pressure remains so net pressure is negative

Question 22

What is the result of blood moving back to venous system?

Answer 22

Water moves back into capillaries

Question 23

What are interstitial spaces?

Answer 23

Spaces between cells where tissue fluid is

Question 24

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 24

A network of vessels similar to capillaries which runs paralegal to the circulatory system

Question 25

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 25

It carries excess tissue fluid and drains it into the blood system in the chest cavity

Question 26

What happens to tissue fluid?

Answer 26

Not all tissue fluid returns to capillaries at the venous end of the tissue beds, and some is drained into lymphatic system

Question 27

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 27

They occur at intervals

Question 28

What do lymph nodes contain?

Answer 28

Many white blood cells to fight infection

Question 29

What is the composition of lymph?

Answer 29

Similar to tissue fluid, less oxygen, fewer nutrients and contains fatty acids from small intestine