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A Level Biology - 3.1.2 Transport in animals > Circulatory systems > Flashcards

Circulatory systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of organisms don’t need a circulatory systems?

A

Small organisms

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2
Q

Why do small organisms not need a circulatory system?

A

The diffusion distance is so small

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3
Q

What is the effect of the small diffusion distance?

A

Diffusion alone is fast enough to get oxygen and nutrients into the centre of the cell and get carbon dioxide and water products out of

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4
Q

What do larger animals need?

A

A variety of of different tissues to support them

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5
Q

Why do lager animals need circulatory systems?

A

Their bigger size means substances take longer to diffuse and to form their internal tissues

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6
Q

What is affected by animal size?

A

SA:V ratio and diffusion pathway

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7
Q

Why do single celled organisms not need circulatory systems?

A

The diffusion pathway is short and SA:V ratio is high

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8
Q

What do larger multicellular organisms need circulatory systems?

A

Diffusion pathway is long so SA:V ratio is smaller

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9
Q

What is the purpose of a circulatory system?

A

To deliver oxygen and nutrients to each cell then take away waste products of metabolism

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of circulatory systems?

A

Open, closed, single and double

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11
Q

Where is an open circulatory system found?

A

In molluscs and arthropods (insects)

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12
Q

What are the components of an open circulatory system?

A

Hemocoel and haemolymph

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13
Q

What is haemocoel?

A

The body cavity where the tissues are surrounded

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14
Q

How does blood move in an open circulatory system?

A

Blood diffuses back into the circulatory systems between cells

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15
Q

What is the blood in open circulatory systems?

A

Haemolymph

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16
Q

What is haemolymph?

A

It is. fluid that circulates in the interior of the arthropod body remaining in direct contact with animal’s tissue

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17
Q

How is blood transported in an open circulatory system?

A

It can be pumped by peristalsis and is not always in vessels

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18
Q

Where is blood located in an open circulatory system?

A

It is not always in vessels but lies in the body cavity and carries nutrients and waste

19
Q

What is the function of the blood?

A

It directly bathes tissues and cells but moves slowly at lower pressure

20
Q

How are open circulatory systems structured?

A

They have separate systems to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide and some have tubes attached to heart to take blood to active areas.

21
Q

What is haemolymph composed?

A

Fluid plasma which haemocytes are suspended in

22
Q

Where are closed circulatory systems present?

A

In vertebrates and a few invertebrates

23
Q

Where is the blood in closed circulatory system?

A

It is enclosed at all times within vessels of different sizes and wall thickness

24
Q

How is blood transported?

A

It is pumped by a heart through vessels and doesn’t fill body cavities

25
Q

Where is tissue fluid located?

A

It bathes cells

26
Q

What is blood pressure in closed circulatory system?

A

It is higher and blood flows quickly

27
Q

What does blood transport in closed circulatory systems?

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients

28
Q

How is blood helped circulate?

A

Action of the body muscles

29
Q

Why is an open system not effective for large animals?

A

It is not sufficient to supply oxygen and nutrients to muscles

30
Q

What is an example of a single circulatory system?

A

Fish

31
Q

How is fish a single circulatory systems?

A

Heart -> gills -> body -> heart

32
Q

What is an example of a double circulatory system?

A

In humans

33
Q

How are humans a double circulatory system?

A

Humans -> lungs -> heart -> body -> heart

34
Q

How does blood move in a single circuit?

A

One circuit to get blood around the body and back

35
Q

How does blood move in a double circulatory system?

A

2 circuits through heart to get round the body and back

36
Q

How many chambers are in a single circulatory system?

A

2

37
Q

How many chambers are in a doublecirculatory system?

A

4

38
Q

What is pressure in a double circulatory system?

A

There is pressure difference between pulmonary and systematic circuit

39
Q

What is the double circulatory response good for?

A

Active animals

40
Q

What are the features of single circulatory system?

A

It has limited blood pressure due to delicate nature of capillaries in the gills

41
Q

What are features of a double circulatory system?

A

It has high blood pressure in the systematic circuit whilst remaining low and safe in pulmonary circuit

42
Q

Why can animals with a double circulatory system be more active?

A

Blood can reach their repairing tissues faster due to higher pressure

43
Q

Why do fish have a single circulatory system?

A

They are not as active

44
Q

What is a disadvantage of the single circulatory system in fish?

A

The narrow gill capillaries slow blood low, resulting in low blood pressure in body

A Level Biology - 3.1.2 Transport in animals (6 decks)

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