Arteries, veins and capillaries

Question 1

What is the outer layer of blood vessels called?

Answer 1

Tunica externa

Question 2

What is the middle layer of blood vessels called?

Answer 2

Tunica media

Question 3

What is the internal layer of blood vessels called?

Answer 3

Tunica interna

Question 4

What is the tunica externa layer of the arteries?

Answer 4

It has a thick outer layer made of elastin and collagen

Question 5

What is the tunica media of arteries?

Answer 5

A thick middle layer containing smooth muscle

Question 6

What is the tunica interna of arteries?

Answer 6

Thin inner layer made of folded layer of endothelial cells

Question 7

What is the lumen of arteries?

Answer 7

Smaller lumen relative to its diameter

Question 8

What is the blood in arteries?

Answer 8

Oxygenated blood

Question 9

What is the pressure in arteries?

Answer 9

Blood pressure interesting is high to reach extremities

Question 10

What is the movement in arteries?

Answer 10

Fast movement of blood

Question 11

What is the tunica externa of veins?

Answer 11

Thinner outer layer and thinner layer of elastin and collagen

Question 12

What is the tunica media of veins?

Answer 12

Thinner middle layer and thinner layer of smooth muscle

Question 13

What is the tunica interna of veins?

Answer 13

Thin inner layer made of endothelial cells

Question 14

What is the lumen in veins?

Answer 14

Larger lumen relative to diameter

Question 15

Are there valves in veins?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What is the blood in veins?

Answer 16

Deoxygenated blood

Question 17

What is the blood pressure in veins?

Answer 17

Relatively low blood pressure

Question 18

What is the movement in veins?

Answer 18

Slower movement of blood

Question 19

What is the outer layer of capillaries?

Answer 19

No outer layer of elastin or collagen

Question 20

What is the middle layer of capillaries?

Answer 20

No layer of smooth muscle

Question 21

What is the inner layer of capillaries?

Answer 21

Single layer of squamous endothelial cells

Question 22

What is the lumen in capillaries?

Answer 22

Larger lumen relative to diameter but very small

Question 23

What is the blood in capillaries?

Answer 23

Mix of blood

Question 24

What do arteries branch into?

Answer 24

Arterioles

Question 25

What do veins branch into?

Answer 25

Venules

Question 26

What is the structure in arteries?

Answer 26

Endothelium, collagen, elastic recoil, smooth muscles and elastic fibres

Question 27

What is the function of endothelium?

Answer 27

Can unfold when artery stretches during a heartbeat to allow changing volumes of blood as heart beats

Question 28

What is the function of collagen?

Answer 28

It helps artery walls to withstand the pressure of the blood

Question 29

What is the function of elastic recoil?

Answer 29

It helps maintain high blood pressure when heart relaxes to push blood along

Question 30

What is the function of smooth muscle?

Answer 30

Narrow or dilate lumen to thermoregulate

Question 31

How are lumen narrow or dilates?

Answer 31

Constrict or contract artery

Question 32

How does narrowing or dilating cause thermoregulation?

Answer 32

It limits blood to one area and redirects to a more active area

Question 33

What is the function of elastic fibres?

Answer 33

It allows artery to stretch and recoil as heart pumps

Question 34

What is the function of arterioles?

Answer 34

It links arteries and capillaries together

Question 35

What is the structure of arterioles?

Answer 35

More smooth muscle and less elastin in walls

Question 36

What is the function of vasodilation and vasoconstriction?

Answer 36

To regulate temperature

Question 37

What is the structure of veins?

Answer 37

Large lumen, thin layer of elastic tissue, thin layer of smooth muscle, valves and veins can be squeezed flat

Question 38

What is the function of large lumen?

Answer 38

Ease flow of blood

Question 39

What is the function of thin layer of elastic tissue?

Answer 39

They don’t need to stretch and recoil

Question 40

What is the function of thin layer of smooth muscle?

Answer 40

Do not need to constrict blood flow

Question 41

What is the purpose of valves?

Answer 41

They prevent back flow to help blood flow back to heart

Question 42

How can veins be squeezed flat?

Answer 42

By skeletal muscle contracting next to them to push blood along

Question 43

What is the capillary wall?

Answer 43

A single layer of flattened endothelial cells

Question 44

What are the size of gaps between endothelial cells?

Answer 44

Large, except in CNS where there are tight junctions

Question 45

What is the structure of capillaries?

Answer 45

Gaps between endothelial cells, very narrow lumen, small size and no valves

Question 46

What is the function of gaps between endothelial cells?

Answer 46

It allows exchange of materials between the blood and cells via tissue fluid

Question 47

What is the function of very narrow lumen?

Answer 47

Red blood cells are pressed up against capillary wall, reducing diffusion distance to help them give up oxygen

Question 48

What is the function of no valves and small size?

Answer 48

Cross sectional area of capillaries is huge with arterioles leading into capillaries slows blood down and blood loses pressure