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biology level 3 > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

the cardiac cycle, blood and its components and the circulatory system

1
Q

What is the function of an artery?

A

Carries oxygenated blood at higher pressures from heart to parts of the body

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2
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood at lower pressures from body back to heart

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3
Q

Explain the structure of the capillaries

A

Has thin walls that allow exchange of compounds such as nutrients, glucose, oxygen and co2 between blood and tissues

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4
Q

How many chambers in the heart do mammals and birds have?

A

4 chambers

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5
Q

State the 2 types of chambers

A

The Atria
The Ventricles

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6
Q

Explain the structure of the Aorta

A

Largest artery
Very elastic and thick as it withstands large pressures

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7
Q

What 3 things make up the Circulatory System?

A

The Heart
Blood
Blood Vessels

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8
Q

What type of circulatory system do mammals and birds have?

A

Double circulatory system

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9
Q

What type of circulatory system do fish have?

A

Single circulatory system

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10
Q

What is a baroreceptor?

A

Baroreceptors detect changes in the pressure of blood filling the atria

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11
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Central Nervous System

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12
Q

What is the function of the Pulmonary Circuit?

A

Carries blood to the lungs to be oxygenated and then back to the heart

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13
Q

What is the function of the Systemic Circuit?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body

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14
Q

What is the function of Heart Valves?

A

Open and close to allow blood to flow due to pressure changes within the chambers
Important in preventing backflow of blood

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15
Q

What is the function of the Aorta?

A

Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

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16
Q

What is the Vena Cava made up of?

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

17
Q

What is the function of the Vena Cava?

A

To transport deoxygenated blood to the heart

18
Q

What is the function of the Purkinje Fibres?

A

The impulse from the bundle of His reaches the fibres they cause the ventricles to contract

19
Q

What is the systole?

A

The contraction phase, this is when the blood pressure rises

20
Q

What is the diastole?

A

The relaxation phase, during this stage, blood pressure is at its lowest

21
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

White blood cells, red blood cells, oxygen, platelets, haemoglobin, water, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, leukocytes and plasma

22
Q

What is the function of the white blood cell?

A

To fight infection

23
Q

How are the red blood cells adapted?

A

They have a concave shape and no nucleus which allows the cell to hold more oxygen

biology level 3 (11 decks)

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