digestion and the monogastric digestive system Flashcards
components, functions and structures
what is mechanical digestion?
where large pieces of food are ingested and physically broken down into smaller pieces
what is chemical digestion?
large molecules of food are broken down into smaller molecules by enzymes, acids and bile
describe what is meant by a balanced intake
what is considered ‘balanced’ relates specifically to individuals, particularly in dogs where sizes and weights of different breeds vary drastically
What is amylase?
amylase is an enzyme secreted within saliva to start the breakdown of starch (carbohydrates)
What is protease?
protease is an enzyme that breaks down/catalyzes protein into amino acids
What is lipase?
an enzyme that breaks down/catalyzes fats
What is peristalsis?
Rippling muscular contractions that run along the digestive tract to push food through it
What happens in the duodenum?
bile is added from the liver which emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid
What is the function of the liver?
regulates most chemical levels in the blood and excretes bile. It also stores surplus amounts of certain vitamins
What does the pancreas secrete into the duodenum?
more enzymes
bicarbonate
What happens in the jejunum and ileum?
Nutrients are absorbed and either used or stored
What happens in the large intestine?
This is the site of absorption for water and water-soluble nutrients. Villi are used to absorb these because it increases the surface area
What is the purpose of the rectum?
It allows waste matter to be stored prior to excretion
What is bicarbonate?
It neutralises the pH of stomach acids within the small intestine
What is the jejunum?
The middle part of the small intestine
