the eye Flashcards

properties, structures and functions

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1
Q

what is a synapse?

A

where 2 neurons (nerve cells) join together

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2
Q

what is the function of the cornea?

A

it refracts light and protects the eye

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3
Q

what is the function of the lens?

A

it focuses the light onto the retina and focusing on objects

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4
Q

what is the function of the iris?

A

it controls the amount of light entering the eye

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5
Q

what is the function of the fovea?

A

it gives sharp central vision and light is focused onto this spot by the lens

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6
Q

what forms the optic nerve?

A

axons of the ganglion cells weave together to form the optic nerve

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7
Q

what is the function of the optic nerve?

A

It leads to the back of the eyeball and carries impulses to the thalamus and the brains visual corta

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8
Q

rod properties

A

light sensitive/functions in the dark
have single pigment called rhodopsin which cannot detect colour
connection with the optic nerve

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9
Q

cone properties

A

higher intensity than rods
contain photo pigments called iodopsin which detects colour
high level of visual sharpness
connection with the optic nerve

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10
Q

which two proteins is rhodopsin broken down into? (this is also known as bleaching)

A

Opsin and Retinal

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11
Q

Rhodopsin is regenerated slowly, what provides information when rhodopsin is unable to effectively regenerate?

A

Cone cells act as a backup whilst Rhodopsin is being regenerated

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12
Q

State the photoreceptors in the eye

A

Rod cells and cone cells

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13
Q

where is light focused as it enters the eye?

A

the lens/retina

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14
Q

What is the structure of the Sclera?

A

The white part of the eye, made of tough collagen fibres

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15
Q

What is the structure of the choroid?

A

Layer of blood vessels that contain a black pigment

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16
Q

What is the function of the choroid?

A

Absorbs as much light as possible and nourishes the eye

17
Q

What is the structure of the iris?

A

a ring of muscle

18
Q

What is the function of the iris?

A

controls the amount of light entering the eye

19
Q

Pupil structure and function?

A

hole in the iris
allows light to enter the eye

20
Q

Ciliary body function?

A

alters shape of lens and produces aqueous humor

21
Q

Aqueous humor structure and function?

A

behind the cornea, provides shape and nutrients

22
Q

Lateral rectus structure and function?

A

found on the lateral side of the eye and helps orient the pupil away from the body

23
Q

Medial rectus muscles structure and function?

A

found in the medial part of the eye

24
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

blindspot, no photoreceptors

25
Q

Why do we have the optic disc?

A

Its where the optic nerve leaves the eye

26
Q

What helps animals see in the dark?

A

The tapetum lucidum

27
Q

What does the tapetum lucidum do?

A

It refracts light back through the retina