the gilded age presidents/ policies

Question 1

when was the gilded age approximatley

Answer 1

1878-1900

Question 2

what do traditional historians interpret about the gilded age(2)

Answer 2

-portrayed politicians as small minded and corrupt only furthering their own interests
-little difference between democrats and republicans policies

Question 3

how do revisionist historians interpret the gilded age

Answer 3

-policies for reforming corruption attempted but not wholly successful
-republicans placed greater stress in gov activism in lives of ppl, immigration and integration
-democrats wanted less involvement and segregation

Question 4

give all 7 presidents from the gilded age in order and their terms

Answer 4

Hayes (1877-1881)
Garfield (1881)
Arthur (1881-1885)
Cleveland (1885-1889)
Harrison (1889-1893)
Cleveland (1893-1897)
Mckinley (1897-1901)

Question 5

give 3 main policies /events in Hayes presidency

Answer 5

-ended reconstruction
-Civil Service Reform
-1877 Strike

Question 6

how did Hayes end reconstruction

Answer 6

by removing federal troops and carpetbaggers from south to gain support in contested election

Question 7

how did Hayes attempt civil service reform (3)

Answer 7

-prior to 1870 CS based on spoils system and office holders selected by loyalty not administrative competence
-1870s CS was corrupt so Hayes hired an examiner and appoints Carl Shurz to make new rules for federal appointment

Question 8

what happened in the 1877 strike under Hayes

Answer 8

due to 1873 financial loss railroads cut wages of employees and Hayes was prepared to send troops as they hated riots

Question 9

give 3 policies or events from Garfield’s presidency

Answer 9

-Roscoe Conkling and NY custom house
-post office reform
-Civil Service Reform

Question 10

what did Garfield do about Conkling and the customs house

Answer 10

he submitted a list of Conkling’s patronage appointments and suggested William Robertson to replace him and control NY customs house to stop corruption

Question 11

give 3 main policies or events from Arthur’s presidency

Answer 11

Pendleton Act
Chinese Exclusion Act
Tariff Act 1883

Question 12

what did Arthur’s Pendleton Act do

Answer 12

created Civil Service Commission to kickstart end of spoils system for merit system and ensured continuity for fed employees between administrations

Question 13

who were also excluded besides the Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 13

poor, criminals, mentally i’ll immigrants

Question 14

what did the 1873 tariff act do

Answer 14

lower tariffs but not significantly by approx 1.47%

Question 15

give 5 main policies or events during Grover Cleveland’s presidency

Answer 15

Civil Service Reform
Texas seed bill

Question 16

who supported Cleveland and why

Answer 16

Mugwumps were democrat supporting republicans who were unhappy with high levels of gov corruption

Question 17

how did Cleveland reform civil service

Answer 17

wouldn’t fire any republican who did job well and wouldn’t appoint based on party service but slowly replaced republicans with democrats

Question 18

what was the texas seed bill controversy under cleveland

Answer 18

drought ruined crops in several texas counties ; Congress appropriated $10,000 to purchase seed grain from farmers; Cleveland vetoed to stop federal intervention (why only help texas?)