reconstruction presidents and policies 1865-1877 Flashcards
when was the 13th amendment and what did it do
1865; abolished slavery everywhere in USA and could be enforced through legislation
what act became the 14th amendment and when
1866 Civil Rights Act became the 14th Am in 1868
what did the 14th amendment do
gave the rights and citizenship for african americans and forbade states from restricting privileges
when was the 15th Amendment and what did it do
1870; granted the right to vote to men regardless of race or colour (allowed to restrict based on poverty and illiteracy)
when was the second Civil Rights Act and what did it do
1875; guaranteed black americans equal accommodation in public spaces
what happened to the second civil rights act
it didn’t have the powers to enforce the equal accommodation and ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
what ended reconstruction in 1877
disputed results of presidential election led to political negotiation; in return for democratic support for republican candidate Hayes, democrats controlling the south allowed to end military control in the south
who were the 3 presidents in the reconstruction era in order and their term dates
Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865
Andrew Johnson 1865-1869
Ulysses S Grant 1869-1877
what were Lincoln’s issues (3)
- needed to punish southern states but didn’t do it enough
- thousands of ex slaves give them rights like radical republicans want or not
- who does reconstruction policy him or the congress
what were 4 of Lincoln’s policies in order
Ten Percent Plan
Wade-Davis Bill
13th Amendment
The Freedman’s Bureau
what was the Ten Percent Plan
rebel states would be admitted to a union if 10% if their electorate agreed to an oath of future allegiance to the USA, supported all existing acts of congress regarding slavery and they allowed AA to vote
when was the Wade Davis Bill and what did it do and what happened to it
1865; required 50% of electorate to take tougher oath of allegiance for past/future loyalty to union ; stating they’d never given any voluntary help to confederacy VETOED BY LINCOLN
when was the 13th amendment and what did it do
1864 formally freed all slaves in USA
when was the Freedmen’s Bureau and what did it do
1865 helped ex slaves for 5 years by providing advice on education and employment
was Lincoln successful ?
- no ; didn’t unite Union bc he couldn’t control the south
- started but didn’t complete it
- freed the slaves
- 10% plan showed desperation
what was Johnson’s aims (2)
- restore southern states quickly
-radical reconstruction (10 southern states -> 5 military districts)
what were two things congress did under johnson
the 1866 civil rights bill
the 14th amendment
when was the civil rights bill (first one) and what did it do and what happened to it
it gave rights and citizenship to AA ; johnson vetoed as it would anger the south and congress overturned it
when was the 14th amendment and what did it do and what happened to it
1868; granted AA citizenship and guaranteed all citizens equality ; rejected by all ex confederate states and failed to become law
what were the acts involved in johnson’s radical reconstruction (3)
Military Reconstruction Bill 1867
Command of Army Act
Tenure of Office Act
what did the Military Reconstruction Bill 1867 do
imposed military rule on south but not Tennessee; 10 states into 5 military districts and had to accept 14th Amendment
what happened to Johnson and why
ignored Tenure of Office Act and dismissed Stanton (protected by Act) so impeached by congress
was johnson successful
no almost ineffectual as congress did all of the work and did not unify south and was too soft on them until end of term
why was johnson thought to be unsuccessful ?
he was a democrat from the south so he knew how unlikely it was to change and tried to appeal to them; thought by not enforcing AA rights then south would rejoin and first president to have veto overturned by congress
give two policies from Grant’s presidency
- ‘carpet baggers’ and ‘scalawags’
- 15th amendment
- 1872 Amnesty Act
what were carpet baggers
corrupt northern officials in the south
what were scalawags
southern snitched allied with republicans for coalition
when was the 15th amendment and what did it do
1869; gave citizens of any colour and race the right to vote
was grant successful
he wanted firm treatment of the south but was held back by a corrupt congress and scandals
give an example of corruption under grant
speculators attempted to influence gov and manipulate gold markets which led to a financial panic
why did grant send carpet baggers to the south
to appease the south so they’d unify
when was the Amnesty Act and what did it do
1872; allowed all confederate leaders to rejoin politics (nothing will change with same ppl in power)
when was the Colfax Massacre and what happened
1873, approx 100 AA murdered by southern white supremacists
what were the KKK and when were they formed and where
Ku Klux Klan white suprematist group formed in Tennessee 1866
what were redeemers
white democrats in the south who wanted to return states to ‘former glory’
what were radical republicans
republicans who wanted south to be punished more severely and more profession for AA rights
