reconstruction presidents and policies 1865-1877

Question 1

when was the 13th amendment and what did it do

Answer 1

1865; abolished slavery everywhere in USA and could be enforced through legislation

Question 2

what act became the 14th amendment and when

Answer 2

1866 Civil Rights Act became the 14th Am in 1868

Question 3

what did the 14th amendment do

Answer 3

gave the rights and citizenship for african americans and forbade states from restricting privileges

Question 4

when was the 15th Amendment and what did it do

Answer 4

1870; granted the right to vote to men regardless of race or colour (allowed to restrict based on poverty and illiteracy)

Question 5

when was the second Civil Rights Act and what did it do

Answer 5

1875; guaranteed black americans equal accommodation in public spaces

Question 6

what happened to the second civil rights act

Answer 6

it didn’t have the powers to enforce the equal accommodation and ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

Question 7

what ended reconstruction in 1877

Answer 7

disputed results of presidential election led to political negotiation; in return for democratic support for republican candidate Hayes, democrats controlling the south allowed to end military control in the south

Question 8

who were the 3 presidents in the reconstruction era in order and their term dates

Answer 8

Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865
Andrew Johnson 1865-1869
Ulysses S Grant 1869-1877

Question 9

what were Lincoln’s issues (3)

Answer 9

• needed to punish southern states but didn’t do it enough
• thousands of ex slaves give them rights like radical republicans want or not
• who does reconstruction policy him or the congress

Question 10

what were 4 of Lincoln’s policies in order

Answer 10

Ten Percent Plan
Wade-Davis Bill
13th Amendment
The Freedman’s Bureau

Question 11

what was the Ten Percent Plan

Answer 11

rebel states would be admitted to a union if 10% if their electorate agreed to an oath of future allegiance to the USA, supported all existing acts of congress regarding slavery and they allowed AA to vote

Question 12

when was the Wade Davis Bill and what did it do and what happened to it

Answer 12

1865; required 50% of electorate to take tougher oath of allegiance for past/future loyalty to union ; stating they’d never given any voluntary help to confederacy VETOED BY LINCOLN

Question 13

when was the 13th amendment and what did it do

Answer 13

1864 formally freed all slaves in USA

Question 14

when was the Freedmen’s Bureau and what did it do

Answer 14

1865 helped ex slaves for 5 years by providing advice on education and employment

Question 15

was Lincoln successful ?

Answer 15

• no ; didn’t unite Union bc he couldn’t control the south
• started but didn’t complete it
• freed the slaves
• 10% plan showed desperation

Question 16

what was Johnson’s aims (2)

Answer 16

• restore southern states quickly
  -radical reconstruction (10 southern states -> 5 military districts)

Question 17

what were two things congress did under johnson

Answer 17

the 1866 civil rights bill

the 14th amendment

Question 18

when was the civil rights bill (first one) and what did it do and what happened to it

Answer 18

it gave rights and citizenship to AA ; johnson vetoed as it would anger the south and congress overturned it

Question 19

when was the 14th amendment and what did it do and what happened to it

Answer 19

1868; granted AA citizenship and guaranteed all citizens equality ; rejected by all ex confederate states and failed to become law

Question 20

what were the acts involved in johnson’s radical reconstruction (3)

Answer 20

Military Reconstruction Bill 1867
Command of Army Act
Tenure of Office Act

Question 21

what did the Military Reconstruction Bill 1867 do

Answer 21

imposed military rule on south but not Tennessee; 10 states into 5 military districts and had to accept 14th Amendment

Question 22

what happened to Johnson and why

Answer 22

ignored Tenure of Office Act and dismissed Stanton (protected by Act) so impeached by congress

Question 23

was johnson successful

Answer 23

no almost ineffectual as congress did all of the work and did not unify south and was too soft on them until end of term

Question 24

why was johnson thought to be unsuccessful ?

Answer 24

he was a democrat from the south so he knew how unlikely it was to change and tried to appeal to them; thought by not enforcing AA rights then south would rejoin and first president to have veto overturned by congress

Question 25

give two policies from Grant’s presidency

Answer 25

• ‘carpet baggers’ and ‘scalawags’
• 15th amendment
• 1872 Amnesty Act

Question 26

what were carpet baggers

Answer 26

corrupt northern officials in the south

Question 27

what were scalawags

Answer 27

southern snitched allied with republicans for coalition

Question 28

when was the 15th amendment and what did it do

Answer 28

1869; gave citizens of any colour and race the right to vote

Question 29

was grant successful

Answer 29

he wanted firm treatment of the south but was held back by a corrupt congress and scandals

Question 30

give an example of corruption under grant

Answer 30

speculators attempted to influence gov and manipulate gold markets which led to a financial panic

Question 31

why did grant send carpet baggers to the south

Answer 31

to appease the south so they’d unify

Question 32

when was the Amnesty Act and what did it do

Answer 32

1872; allowed all confederate leaders to rejoin politics (nothing will change with same ppl in power)

Question 33

when was the Colfax Massacre and what happened

Answer 33

1873, approx 100 AA murdered by southern white supremacists

Question 34

what were the KKK and when were they formed and where

Answer 34

Ku Klux Klan white suprematist group formed in Tennessee 1866

Question 35

what were redeemers

Answer 35

white democrats in the south who wanted to return states to ‘former glory’

Question 36

what were radical republicans

Answer 36

republicans who wanted south to be punished more severely and more profession for AA rights