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BIO 226: Anatomy & Physiology 2 > The Genital (Reproductive) System > Flashcards

The Genital (Reproductive) System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Diploid cells have how many chromosomes

A

46

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2
Q

Haploid cells have how many chromosomes

A

23

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3
Q

Spermatozoa are produced by

A

spermatogenesis

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4
Q

Ova are produced by

A

oogenesis

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5
Q

Special form of cell division that reduce the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell to one half of those in the parent cell

A

meiosis

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6
Q

Any condensed chromatin with its own centromere is defined as

A

chromosomes

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7
Q

Crossover occurs and daughter cells formed by meiotic division 1 contains half the number of chromosomes occurs in

A

meiotic division 1

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8
Q

reproduces each of the two cells formed by meiotic division 1 and forms four cells, each still with the haploid number of chromosomes occurs in

A

meiotic division 2

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9
Q

the process by which primitive male sex cells become transformed into mature sperm is defined as

A

spermatogenesis

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10
Q

Spermatogenesis begins at ______ and continues _____

A

at puberty; throughout a mans life

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11
Q

the process by which primitive female sex cells become transformed into mature ova is defined as

A

oogenesis

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12
Q

oogonia reproduces to form primary oocytes during

A

mitosis

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13
Q

most primary oocytes begin mitosis and develop to prophase 1 ______; they stay there until _____

A

before birth; puberty

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14
Q

usually how many mature oocytes are enough for ovulation

A

one

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15
Q

testes and ovaries are gonads and they are _____ organs

A

essential

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16
Q

genital ducts, glands, and supportive structures in the male are _____ organs

A

accessory

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17
Q

convey sperm to the outside of the body

A

genital ducts

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18
Q

produce secretions that serve to nourish, transport, and mature sperm

A

glands

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19
Q

epididymides, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, urethra are all

A

genital ducts

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20
Q

seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands are all

A

glands

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21
Q

scrotum, penis, spermatic cords are all

A

supportive structures

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22
Q

urogenital triangle and anal triangle are the two parts of the

A

perineum

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23
Q

which testes is usually 1 cm lower than the other

A

left

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24
Q

what sends out partitions that divide each testis into lobules that contain interstitial cells and seminiferous tubules

A

tunica albuginea

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25
Q

what cells support and regulate developing germ cells and secrete the hormone inhibin

A

sustentacular cells sertoli cells

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26
Q

releasing hormone in the hypothalamus and follicle stimulating hormone in the anterior pituitary (slows down sperm production if needed)

A

inhibits gonadotropin

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27
Q

what hormone regulates metabolism, promotes maleness, is controlled by gonadotropic hormones in the APG, and works on a negative feedback loop

A

testosterone

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28
Q

what hormone is produced by sustentacular cells, controls sperm production rate

A

inhibin

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29
Q

what hormone stimulates sperm production

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

30
Q

what hormone stimulates testosterone production

A

luteinizing hormone

31
Q

if there is less follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and less luteinizing hormone (LH) there will be less

A

testosterone

32
Q

what part of sperm is covered by acrosomes that contains enzymes that will break down cervical mucus which will allow sperm to pass into the uterus

A

head

33
Q

what part of sperm contains the mitochondria which provides energy for sperm locomotion

A

midpiece

34
Q

what part of sperm twirls to allow locomotion

A

tail

35
Q

the 2 epididymis, 2 vas deferens, 2 ejaculatory ducts, and 1 urethra are all

A

reproductive ducts

36
Q

the epididymis store sperm for how long

A

1-3 weeks

37
Q

what duct extends from the tail of the epididymis to the join the duct from the seminal vesicle and has thick muscular walls

A

vas deferens

38
Q

what is the procedure that severs or clamps the vas deferens

A

vasectomy

39
Q

what is located posterior to the bladder and secretes a liquid that makes up 60% of the semen

A

seminal vesicle

40
Q

what lies just below the bladder and secretes a watery, milky, slightly acidic fluid

A

prostate gland

41
Q

what is the most common nonskid type of cancer in American men

A

prostate cancer

42
Q

what gland is like little peas found in the muscle of the pelvic floor and secretes an alkaline (basic) fluid

A

bulbourethral gland

43
Q

what is the skin-covered pouch suspended from the perineal region

A

scrotum

44
Q

what is the external separation ridge of the scrotum

A

raphe

45
Q

what is the internal separation of the testes

A

scrotal septum

46
Q

what is just below the skin of the scrotum and contracts for slight elevation of the testes

A

dartos muscle/fascia

47
Q

what is the serous membrane that allows the testis to slide around

A

tunica vaginalis

48
Q

what is the folded, loose-fitting, retractable casing (foreskin) at the distal end of the penis

A

prepuce

49
Q

what is the cylindric casing of white, fibrous tissue

A

spermatic cord

50
Q

what structure secretes the most seminal fluid

A

seminal vesicles (60%)

51
Q

seminiferous tubules - rete testis - efferent ductules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - urethra is

A

the course of sperm

52
Q

normal sperm count is

A

50-150 million sperm/mL

53
Q

ducts or modified duct structures, vulva (external genitalia), additional glands are what kind of organs

A

accessory

54
Q

ovaries are what kind of organs

A

essential

55
Q

what is located one on each side of the uterus, blow and behind the uterine tubes that attach to the posterior surface of the broad ligament

A

ovaries

56
Q

what part of the ovaries has thousands of ovarian follicles

A

cortex

57
Q

what part of the ovaries contains connective tissue cells, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

A

medulla

58
Q

what is the release of the ovum at the end of oogenesis (oocyte maturation) called

A

ovulation

59
Q

what hormone prevents follicle-stimulating hormone from being released

A

progesterone and inhibin

60
Q

what hormone prevents the uterus from contracting

A

relaxin

61
Q

what hormone maintains the uterine wall for implantation of a fertilized ovum

A

estrogen

62
Q

if there is fertilization then what will maintain the corpus luteum

A

human chronic gonadpotropin (hCG)

63
Q

what is the funnel shaped lateral part that extends over the ovary and opens directly into the abdominal cavity

A

infundibulum

64
Q

what is the middle dilated portion of the uterine tubes

A

ampulla

65
Q

what is the medial third that attaches to the uterus in the uterine tubes

A

isthmus

66
Q

what is the site of fertilization

A

uterine tubes

67
Q

what is located between the bladder and the rectum and is normally “ante flexed” or bent forward

A

uterus

68
Q

what ligament folds of peritoneum and the uterus is suspended between the two folds

A

broad ligament

69
Q

what ligament folds of peritoneum that anchors the uterus to the back wall

A

uterosacral ligament

70
Q

what ligament creates a fold between the uterus and the rectum and makes the “rectouterine pouch” which has clinical significance

A

posterior ligament

71
Q

what ligament anchors the uterus to the posterior surface of the bladder

A

anterior ligament

72
Q

what ligament works through the inguinal canal

A

round ligament

BIO 226: Anatomy & Physiology 2 (7 decks)

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