Cardiovascular system: blood vessels and hemodynamics Flashcards
what is the development of blood vessels
angiogenesis
what conducts blood away from the heart
arteries
what is the small vessels that permit gas, nutrient, and waste exchange
capillaries
what conducts toward the heart
veins
what are the three types of arteries
elastic, muscular, and arterioles
what are the largest arteries in the body that are also known as conducting arteries
elastic arteries
what are the distributing arteries that carry blood to specific organs of the body and have a thick layer
muscular arteries
what are the resistance vessels that are the smallest and can contract smooth muscle in their walls
arterioles
what is a short connecting vessel between an arteriole and its branching capillaries
metarterioles
where does transfer of nutrients, gases, and waste occur
capillaries
what are the three types of capillaries
continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoids
what type of capillaries have continuous lining of endothelial cells and only have a small opening in the walls
continuous capillaries
what type of capillaries have intercellular clefts and small holes or fenestrations
fenestrated capillaries
what type of capillaries has a wider lumen, has fenestrations that are larger, and has an incomplete or lacking basement membrane
sinusoid capillaries
what carries blood towards the heart
veins
what receives blood from the met arterioles
venules
what receives blood from venules
veins
what is the venous structures that contain no smooth muscle cells
venous sinus
what kind of tissue is made of simple squamous epithelium and makes the inside layer of the vessels
endothelial tissue
what kind of tissue is made of protein strands woven in the vascular wall and is fairly flexible but still provides a great amount of support
collagen fibers
what kind of tissue is highly stretchable and allows for recoil after distention and maintains passive tension in the vessels
elastic fibers
what kind of tissue is not found in capillaries is involuntary muscle and responsible for dilating/constricting the blood vessels
smooth muscle tissue
what is the outermost layer of blood vessels
tunica externa
what layer of the blood vessels is made of fibrous connective tissue and in veins it is the thickest layer but it is thinner in arteries
tunica externa
what is the middle layer of blood vessel
tunica media
what layer of the blood vessels is made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers and is very thick in arteries and much thinner in veins
tunica media
what is the innermost layer of the blood vessels
tunica intima
what layer of the blood vessels is made up of endothelium and its basement membrane and is completely smooth in arteries and forms valves in veins
tunica intima
what type of circulation is blood flow from the heart to all parts of the body (except the lungs)
systemic circulation
what type of circulation is blood flow to the lungs
pulmonary circulation
in general how many capillary systems will blood pass through before going back to the heart
one
what are two exceptions to the blood passing through one capillary system before going back to the heart
portal system and vascular anastomosis
the ascending aorta then goes to the
coronary arteries
what are the three branches of the arch of the aorta
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery
what supplies the pelvis with blood
internal iliac
what supplies the lower limbs with blood
external iliac
what veins is often used during a coronary bypass surgery
great saphenous vein
fetal blood receives oxygen and nutrients from
maternal blood
what acts as the “lungs” and “digestive systems” for fetuses
placenta
what carries fetal blood to the placenta in fetuses
umbilical arteries
what returns oxygenated blood from the placenta
umbilical veins
what is the continuation of umbilical veins that drains in to the inferior vena cava and is a way for blood to bypass the liver in fetuses
ductus venosus
what is the opening in the septum between the right and left atria and a way for blood to bypass the right ventricle in fetuses
foramen ovale
what is the small vessel connecting the pulmonary trunk with the aorta and another way for blood to bypass the lungs in fetuses
ductus arteriosis
how many structures are no longer needed after birth
6
what is a common cause of heart murmurs
the foramen ovalis not closing completely
what is the mechanism that influences the change circulation of blood to maintain the body’s internal environment
hemodynamics
where is blood pressure the highest
aorta
the biggest change in blood pressure occurs as blood goes through what
arterioles
what the volume of blood pumped out by each beat
stroke volume (SV)
what is the equation for cardiac output
SV x HR = CO
what are factors that affect heart rate
chronotropic factors
what is the small dilation at the beginning of the internal carotid artery (just above the branching of the common carotid)
carotid sinus
where are baroreceptors located
in the wall of the arch of the aorta
what is the resistance to blood flow due to friction between blood and the walls of the vessels
peripheral resistance
what is the smooth muscle control over the diameter of vessels which changes the amount of resistance
vasomotor mechanism
what is the amount of blood returned to the heart by veins
venous return
what is the exchange of materials between plasma in the capillaries and surrounding interstitial fluid of systemic tissue
capillary exchange
what is the pressure the blood exerts agains a blood vessel wall
hydrostatic pressure
blood pressure in an artery is much greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid (fluid within the tissues is which side of capillaries
arterial
loss of water (due to outwardly directed hydrostatic pressure in arteries) increases blood colloid pressure is which side of capillaries
venous
what is the information about the force of ventricular contraction
systolic pressure
what is the information about the resistance of blood vessels
diastolic pressure
what is the average blood pressure in arteries
mean arterial pressure (MAP)
what is the alternate expansion and recoil of an artery
pulse
