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BIO 226: Anatomy & Physiology 2 > The digestive system > Flashcards

The digestive system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Digestive system

A

prepare nutrients for absorption and for use by the million of body cells

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2
Q

Ingestion, secretion, motility, digestion, absorption, and defecation are the six basic processes of what

A

the digestive system

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3
Q

what are the main organs that form a tube open at both ends

A

alimentary canal or digestive tracy

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4
Q

what is the upper digestive tract

A

from mouth to stomach

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5
Q

what is the lower digestive tract

A

from the small intestines to anus

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6
Q

what are the four layers of tissue

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

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7
Q

what is the innermost layer with the sublayers of mucous epithelium, lamina proprietor, and muscularis mucosa

A

mucosa

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8
Q

what layer contains glands, blood vessels, and submucosal plexus

A

submucosa

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9
Q

what is the thickest layer of smooth muscle with a myenteric plexus

A

muscularis

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10
Q

what is the outermost layer that is actually the visceral layer of the peritoneum

A

serosa

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11
Q

what are the different kinds of glands

A

parotid glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands

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12
Q

what glands have serous saliva, is where mumps occurs, and are located above your molars

A

parotid glands

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13
Q

what glands are both serous and mucus saliva and are located under the tongue

A

submandibular glands

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14
Q

what glands are under the tongue, 8-20 ducts drain them and they have mucus saliva

A

sublingual glands

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15
Q

what is majority of saliva made of

A

water

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16
Q

what has the function of cutting, tearing, grinding and mixing food with saliva

A

teeth

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17
Q

how many baby teeth are there

A

20

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18
Q

how many adult teeth are there

A

32

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19
Q

what is deglutition

A

swallowing

20
Q

what extends from the internal nares to the esophagus and larynx

A

pharynx

21
Q

what part of the pharynx is for respiration and digestion

A

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

22
Q

what is the muscular tube that lies behind the trachea

A

esophagus

23
Q

how many phases are there of deglutition

A

three

24
Q

what stage of deglutition is movement of the tongue upward and back and moves food to esophagus

A

voluntary phase

25
Q

what stage of deglutition is the respiratory passageways closed and deglutition center receives and interprets messages and epiglottis moves forward

A

pharyngeal stage

26
Q

what stage of deglutition does peristalsis occur

A

esophageal stage

27
Q

what is the enlarged portion above the opening to the esophagus

A

fundus of the stomach

28
Q

what is the rental part of the stomach

A

body

29
Q

what is the lower portion of the stomach connecting to the duodenum

A

pylorus

30
Q

how many layers are in the stomach

A

4

31
Q

what produces mucus that protect the stomach lining

A

mucus neck cells

32
Q

what is epithelium made of

A

goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and tuft cells

33
Q

what is the blind ended pouch located in the lower right quadrant where the appendix attaches

A

cecum

34
Q

what is the right side of the abdomen that extends to the liver

A

ascending colon

35
Q

what passes horizontally across the abdomen is below the liver, stomach, and spleen

A

transverse colon

36
Q

what part of the large intestines courses downward in the shape of an S and joins the rectum from the left

A

sigmoid colon

37
Q

what is the terminal inch of the rectum

A

anal canal

38
Q

what is the wormlike tubular organ that helps non-pathogenic intestinal bacteria and contains lymphoid tissue

A

vermiform appendix

39
Q

what is the large continuous sheet of serous membrane that lines the walls of the entire abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

40
Q

what is like an apron in front of your intestines that contains adipose tissue and lymph nodes

A

greater omentum

41
Q

what is between the right and left lobes of the liver and extends to the anterior abdominal wall

A

falciform ligament

42
Q

what attaches the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and duodenum

A

lesser omentum

43
Q

what binds small intestines to the posterior wall, contains the superior mesenteric artery/vien

A

mesentery

44
Q

what is the largest gland in the body that lies immediately under the diaphragm that consists of two lobes

A

the liver

45
Q

where does the liver receive blood from

A

hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

BIO 226: Anatomy & Physiology 2 (7 decks)

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