The digestive system Flashcards
Digestive system
prepare nutrients for absorption and for use by the million of body cells
Ingestion, secretion, motility, digestion, absorption, and defecation are the six basic processes of what
the digestive system
what are the main organs that form a tube open at both ends
alimentary canal or digestive tracy
what is the upper digestive tract
from mouth to stomach
what is the lower digestive tract
from the small intestines to anus
what are the four layers of tissue
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
what is the innermost layer with the sublayers of mucous epithelium, lamina proprietor, and muscularis mucosa
mucosa
what layer contains glands, blood vessels, and submucosal plexus
submucosa
what is the thickest layer of smooth muscle with a myenteric plexus
muscularis
what is the outermost layer that is actually the visceral layer of the peritoneum
serosa
what are the different kinds of glands
parotid glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands
what glands have serous saliva, is where mumps occurs, and are located above your molars
parotid glands
what glands are both serous and mucus saliva and are located under the tongue
submandibular glands
what glands are under the tongue, 8-20 ducts drain them and they have mucus saliva
sublingual glands
what is majority of saliva made of
water
what has the function of cutting, tearing, grinding and mixing food with saliva
teeth
how many baby teeth are there
20
how many adult teeth are there
32
what is deglutition
swallowing
what extends from the internal nares to the esophagus and larynx
pharynx
what part of the pharynx is for respiration and digestion
oropharynx and laryngopharynx
what is the muscular tube that lies behind the trachea
esophagus
how many phases are there of deglutition
three
what stage of deglutition is movement of the tongue upward and back and moves food to esophagus
voluntary phase
what stage of deglutition is the respiratory passageways closed and deglutition center receives and interprets messages and epiglottis moves forward
pharyngeal stage
what stage of deglutition does peristalsis occur
esophageal stage
what is the enlarged portion above the opening to the esophagus
fundus of the stomach
what is the rental part of the stomach
body
what is the lower portion of the stomach connecting to the duodenum
pylorus
how many layers are in the stomach
4
what produces mucus that protect the stomach lining
mucus neck cells
what is epithelium made of
goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and tuft cells
what is the blind ended pouch located in the lower right quadrant where the appendix attaches
cecum
what is the right side of the abdomen that extends to the liver
ascending colon
what passes horizontally across the abdomen is below the liver, stomach, and spleen
transverse colon
what part of the large intestines courses downward in the shape of an S and joins the rectum from the left
sigmoid colon
what is the terminal inch of the rectum
anal canal
what is the wormlike tubular organ that helps non-pathogenic intestinal bacteria and contains lymphoid tissue
vermiform appendix
what is the large continuous sheet of serous membrane that lines the walls of the entire abdominal cavity
peritoneum
what is like an apron in front of your intestines that contains adipose tissue and lymph nodes
greater omentum
what is between the right and left lobes of the liver and extends to the anterior abdominal wall
falciform ligament
what attaches the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and duodenum
lesser omentum
what binds small intestines to the posterior wall, contains the superior mesenteric artery/vien
mesentery
what is the largest gland in the body that lies immediately under the diaphragm that consists of two lobes
the liver
where does the liver receive blood from
hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
