Cardiovascular System: Blood Flashcards
What type of tissue is blood
connective tissue
What percent of blood is made up of plasma
55%
what percent of blood if formed elements
45%
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils are all a type of
leukocyte
what percent of your total body weight is made of blood
8%
what is used to describe the volume (percentage) of red blood cells in blood
hematocrit
what is the condition that results in decreased hematocrit values
anemia
what is it called when you have elevated hematocrit levels
physiological polycythemia
what is the thin white layer of leukocytes and platelets between the red blood cells and plasma
Buffy coat
what are proteins in blood plasma called
colloids
what are molecules that ionize in solution (get a positive or negative charge)
electrolytes
what are molecules that do not ionize in solution
nonelectrolytes
blood plasma proteins are synthesize by what cells
liver cells
what is the fluid left over after formed elements are removed
blood plasma
what is the fluid left over after formed elevens and clotting factors are removed
blood serum
what protein plays a critical role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
hemoglobin
what is it called when an adult has a hemoglobin content of less than 10 grams per 100 mL of blood
anemia
what is the formation of red blood cells called
erythropoiesis
where does the formation of red blood cells start
in red bone marrow (in adults)
what is a glycoprotein hormone that is secreted by the kidneys when oxygen levels are low
erythropoietin
how long to RBCs usually last
105-120 days
what is transported to bone marrow to recycle
iron
what is transported to liver where it is transformed into bile (secreted into the small intestine)
bilirubin
what blood type does not contain either antigen A or B
Type O
what are you if Rh antigen is present on RBCs
Rh positive
what are you if Rh antigen is not present on RBCs
Rh negative
what are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
granulocytes
what are lymphocytes and monocytes
agranulocytes
What is the function of neutrophils
fight against bacterial infections
What is the function of eosinophils
protect against infections caused by parasitic worms and involved in regulating allergic reactions
What is the function of basophils
they contain histamine (inflammatory chemical) and heparin (anticoagulants)
What is the function of T lymphocytes
attacks viruses, cancer cells, and transplanted tissue
What is the function of B lymphocytes
produces antibodies against specific antigens
What is the function of Natural killer lymphocytes (NK lymphocytes)
it pokes holes in spontaneously arising tumor cells
What is the function of monocytes
phagocytic cells that engulf large bacterial organisms and viral-infected cells
what is leukopenia
decrease in WBC numbers
what is leukocytosis
increase in WBC numbers
where does leukopoiesis start
hematopoietic stem cells
what plays an important role in hemostasis
platelets
what is the process that slows and stops bleeding when a vessel is injured
hemostasis
vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting (coagulation) are the three phases of what
hemostasis
activation pathway (intrinsic and extrinsic), thrombin formation, and fibrin clot formation are the three phases of what
coagulation
what is the series of reactions beginning with factors normally present outside of the blood (damaged tissue)
extrinsic clotting pathway
what is the series of reactions that begin with factors normally present in the blood
intrinsic pathway
what stage does prothrombin activator cause prothrombin to be converted into thrombin
thrombin formation
what stage does thrombin cause fibrinogen to become fibrin and then fibrin will begin to polymerize and tangle together to form a web
fibrin clot formation
what are fibrinogen and prothrombin synthesized by
the liver
what do many clotting factors require
calcium
perfectly smooth surface of the endothelial lining of blood vessels, blood containing antithrombins, and “blood-thinning” drugs are conditions that do what
oppose clotting
rough spot in the endothelium, abnormally slow blood flow, and coagulation continues through a positive feedback loop are conditions that do what
encourage clotting
what is the breakdown of clots called
fibrinolysis
