The Genetic Code

Question 1

A sequence of three nucleotides called____ codes for a specific amino acid

Answer 1

triplet

Question 2

Each triplet is called a

Answer 2

codon

Question 3

Codons are written from the #___ ‘end ____ ‘end of the mRNA molecule

Answer 3

5’ end to the 3’

Question 4

____ is a change in the nucleotide sequence in a molecule of DNA.

Answer 4

mutation

Question 5

Some mutations are random, while others are caused by ____

Answer 5

mutagens

Question 6

What mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides is/are lost from a DNA molecule.

Answer 6

deletion mutation

Question 7

An_____ occurs when one or more nucleotides is/are added to a DNA molecule

Answer 7

insertion mutation

Question 8

______ mutation has a negligible effect on the organism because the resulting amino acid is identical.

Answer 8

silent mutation

Question 9

TRUE/FALES
mutation that produces a protein with one different amino acid usually has a small to moderate effect on the protein overall.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

When a mutation causes a protein deficiency or defective protein synthesis and this mutation is passed through generations, it is a ____

Answer 10

genetic disease

Question 11

____ results from defective cyctic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR); the effects are extremely thick lung mucus and low pancreatic secretions.

Answer 11

Cystic fibrosis

Question 12

____ results from a deficiency of an enzyme needed for galactose metabolism and can cause mental retardation

Answer 12

Galactosemia

Question 13

___ DNA is synthetic DNA that contains segments from more than one source.

Answer 13

Recombinant DNA

Question 14

Three key elements are needed to form recombinant DNA:

Answer 14

1. A DNA molecule
2. An enzyme
3. A gene

Question 15

___ chain reaction (PCR) amplifies a specific portion of a DNA molecule, producing millions of exact copies.

Answer 15

Polymerase

Question 16

Four elements are needed to amplify DNA by PCR

Answer 16

a segment of DNA, Two primers, DNA polymerase enzyme and, Nucleoside triphosphates

Question 17

After each cycle the amount of DNA is ___, so after 20 cycles, 1,000,000 copies have been made

Answer 17

doubled

Question 18

The DNA is first amplified by PCR, and then cut by restriction enzymes, TRUE/FALSE

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

A virus with an RNA core is called a __

Answer 19

retrovirus

Question 20

Retroviruses invade a host and then synthesize viral DNA by ___

Answer 20

reverse transcription

Question 21

The viral DNA can then transcribe RNA, which then directs ____(new retroviral particles to infect other cells).

Answer 21

protein synthesis

Question 22

Two causes of mutation disease call

Answer 22

Spontaneous and induced mutation

Question 23

Induced Mutation caused by

Answer 23

Environment

Question 24

Deletion meaning

Answer 24

Missing pieces

Question 25

Adding pieces

Answer 25

Insertion