Nucleic Acids Flashcards
Nucleic acids are unbranched polymers composed of repeating monomers called
nucleotides
two types of nucleic acids:
DNA and RNA
stores the genetic information of an organism and transmits that information from one generation to another
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
translates the genetic information contained in DNA into proteins needed for all cellular function
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
nucleotide monomers that compose DNA and RNA consist of_____
monosaccharide, a N-containing base, and a phosphate group
____ molecules contain several million nucleotides, while ____- molecules have only a few thousand
DNA & RNA
_____ is contained in the_____ of the nucleus, each chromosome having a different type of
DNA and chromosomes
How many chromosomes have humans
46 chromosomes (23 pairs),
What is the portion of the DNA molecule responsible for the synthesis of a single protein
genes
In RNA the monosaccharide is the_____
aldopentoseD-ribose
While, In DNA, the monosaccharide is the ____
aldopentoseD-2-deoxyribose
What element is the absence in D-2-deoxyribose
0H at C2
5 types of the N-containing base is
Cytosine (C), uracil (U), and thymine (T) are all based on the structure of pyrimidine
Give the two based on the structure of purine
Adenine (A) and guanine (G)
DNA contains bases
A, G, C, and T.
RNA contains bases
A, G, C, and U
Is it true that a nucleoside is formed by joining the anomeric carbon of the monosaccharide with an N atom of the base
TRUE
To name a nucleoside derived from a_____ , use the suffix “-idine
pyrimidine base
To name a nucleoside derived from a ____, use the suffix “-osine”
purine base
For ______ , add the prefix “deoxy-”
deoxyribonucleosides
Nucleotides are formed by adding a _____to the 5′-OH of a nucleoside.
phosphate group
The name____ is abbreviated as CMP
cytidine 5′-monophosphate
The name _____ is abbreviated as dAMP
deoxyadenosine 5’-monophosphate
What is the example of a diphosphate
ADP
