Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Nucleic acids are unbranched polymers composed of repeating monomers called

Answer 1

nucleotides

Question 2

two types of nucleic acids:

Answer 2

DNA and RNA

Question 3

stores the genetic information of an organism and transmits that information from one generation to another

Answer 3

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 4

translates the genetic information contained in DNA into proteins needed for all cellular function

Answer 4

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 5

nucleotide monomers that compose DNA and RNA consist of_____

Answer 5

monosaccharide, a N-containing base, and a phosphate group

Question 6

____ molecules contain several million nucleotides, while ____- molecules have only a few thousand

Answer 6

DNA & RNA

Question 7

_____ is contained in the_____ of the nucleus, each chromosome having a different type of

Answer 7

DNA and chromosomes

Question 8

How many chromosomes have humans

Answer 8

46 chromosomes (23 pairs),

Question 9

What is the portion of the DNA molecule responsible for the synthesis of a single protein

Answer 9

genes

Question 10

In RNA the monosaccharide is the_____

Answer 10

aldopentoseD-ribose

Question 11

While, In DNA, the monosaccharide is the ____

Answer 11

aldopentoseD-2-deoxyribose

Question 12

What element is the absence in D-2-deoxyribose

Answer 12

0H at C2

Question 13

5 types of the N-containing base is

Answer 13

Cytosine (C), uracil (U), and thymine (T) are all based on the structure of pyrimidine

Question 14

Give the two based on the structure of purine

Answer 14

Adenine (A) and guanine (G)

Question 15

DNA contains bases

Answer 15

A, G, C, and T.

Question 16

RNA contains bases

Answer 16

A, G, C, and U

Question 17

Is it true that a nucleoside is formed by joining the anomeric carbon of the monosaccharide with an N atom of the base

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

To name a nucleoside derived from a_____ , use the suffix “-idine

Answer 18

pyrimidine base

Question 19

To name a nucleoside derived from a ____, use the suffix “-osine”

Answer 19

purine base

Question 20

For ______ , add the prefix “deoxy-”

Answer 20

deoxyribonucleosides

Question 21

Nucleotides are formed by adding a _____to the 5′-OH of a nucleoside.

Answer 21

phosphate group

Question 22

The name____ is abbreviated as CMP

Answer 22

cytidine 5′-monophosphate

Question 23

The name _____ is abbreviated as dAMP

Answer 23

deoxyadenosine 5’-monophosphate

Question 24

What is the example of a diphosphate

Answer 24

ADP

Question 25

ATP is an example of a

Answer 25

triphosphate

Question 26

____ (DNA and RNA) are polymers of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester linkages

Answer 26

Nucleic acids

Question 27

A polynucleotide contains a backbone consisting of _____

Answer 27

alternating sugar and phosphate groups

Question 28

Is it true that the identity and order of the bases distinguish one polynucleotide from another (primary structure).

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

A polynucleotide has ___ at the 5’ end and___ at the 3’ end

Answer 29

one free phosphate group AND one free OH group

Question 30

In ___, the sequence of the bases carries the genetic information of the organism

Answer 30

DNA

Question 31

The DNA model was initially proposed by___ in 1953

Answer 31

Watson and Crick

Question 32

DNA consists of two polynucleotide strands that wind into a ___

Answer 32

right-handed double helix

Question 33

two strands run in____ directions

SAME / OPPOSITE

Answer 33

opposite

Question 34

TRUE/FALSE, sugar-phosphate groups lie on the outside of the helix and the bases lie on the inside.

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

____ pairs with thymine with 2 hydrogen bonds to form an A—T base pair

Answer 35

Adenine

Question 36

Cytosine pairs with___ using 3 hydrogen bonds to form a C—G base pair

Answer 36

guanine

Question 37

____ base pairs that always hydrogen bond together in a particular manner

Answer 37

complementary

Question 38

bases always line up so that a pyrimidine derivative can hydrogen bond to a purine derivative on the other strand. TRUE/ FALSE

Answer 38

TRUE