Chemical Composition & Structures of DNA and RNA

Question 1

DNA stands for___

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

while RNA is

Answer 2

ribonucleic acid

Question 3

DNA and RNA both carry genetic information, there are quite a few differences between them

Answer 3

Similarities

Question 4

____ contains the sugar deoxyribose, while____contains the sugar ribose.

Answer 4

DNA and RNA

Question 5

The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more___ than deoxyribose, which has -H attached to the second (2’) carbon in the ring.

Answer 5

-OH group

Question 6

__is a double-stranded molecule, while __ is a single-stranded molecule

Answer 6

DNA and RNA

Question 7

which is stable under alkaline conditions

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine.___ differs from thymine in that it lacks a methyl group on its ring.

Answer 8

Uracil

Question 9

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Answer 9

store genetic information

Question 10

An example of nucleic acid is

a. )amino acid
b. ) DNA
c. )sugar
d. ) wax

Answer 10

DNA

Question 11

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 11

Double Helix

Question 12

The two strands making up the DNA double helix molecule

a. ) are held together by hydrogen bonds.
b. ) are attached through a phosphate to hold the strands together.
c. ) contain uracil but not thymine.

Answer 12

are held together by hydrogen bonds.

Question 13

The backbone of DNA is made up of _______ & ________ units.

Answer 13

sugar & phosphate

Question 14

The sides of a DNA molecule are made of

Answer 14

Sugar and Phosphate

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT part of a nucleotide?

Answer 15

Fatty Acid

Question 16

What’s the monomer of a nucleic acid?

Answer 16

nucleotide

Question 17

From the nucleotide on the right, which part is labeled 2?

a. ) Sugar
b. ) Phosphate
c. )Nitrogenous Base

Answer 17

Sugar

Question 18

….. are examples of purine bases
a.) Adenine and Guanine

b. ) Thymine and Cytosine
c. ) Adenine only

Answer 18

Adenine and Guanine

Question 19

Nucleic Acids are made of
a.) CHO

b. ) CHON
c. ) CHONP

Answer 19

CHONP

Question 20

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine are what?

Answer 20

Bases

Question 21

What sugar is found in DNA?

Answer 21

Deoxyribose

Question 22

What kind of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

Answer 22

Hydrogen bonds

Question 23

Which ones are purines?
a.)Adenine and Guanine

b. ) Adenine and Thymine
c. ) Cytosine and Guanine

Answer 23

Adenine and Guanine

Question 24

What are the components of a nucleotide?

a. ) nitrogen base, phosphate group, and pentose sugar
b. ) pentose sugar, purine, and pyrimidine
c. ) nitrogen base and a phosphate group

Answer 24

nitrogen base, phosphate group, and pentose sugar

Question 25

What sugar is found in RNA? a. ) Ribose b. ) Deoxyribose c. ) Glucose

Answer 25

Ribose

Question 26

Which is the correct pairing? a. ) T-C b. ) G-T c. ) G-C

Answer 26

G-C

Question 27

In nucleic acids, nucleotides are connected with each other by a.) Phosphate bond b. ) Phoshpo diester bond c. ) Peptide bond

Answer 27

Phoshpo diester bond

Question 28

The information stored in DNA is used to direct the a. ) Amino b. )synthesis of proteins c. ) brain

Answer 28

synthesis of proteins

Question 29

What process by which DNA makes a copy of itself when a cell divides

Answer 29

Replication

Question 30

_____ is the ordered synthesis of RNA from DNA; the genetic information stored in DNA is passed onto RNA.

Answer 30

Transcription

Question 31

What do you call the synthesis of proteins from RNA; the genetic information determined the specific amino acid sequence of the protein.

Answer 31

Translation

Question 32

How many original DNA molecule forms __ new DNA molecules, each of which contains a strand from the parent DNA and one new strand.

Answer 32

two new

Question 33

The identity of the bases on the template strand determines the order of the bases on the new strand. A must pair with__ and __ must pair with C. a. G & A B.)T& G C. T& U

Answer 33

B.) T and G

Question 34

n RNA, the monosaccharide is ___.

Answer 34

ribose

Question 35

____base is not present in RNA; instead, the____ base is used

Answer 35

thymine (T) and uracil (U)

Question 36

What are three types of RNA molecules?

Answer 36

are ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 37

____provides the site where polypeptides

Answer 37

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA

Question 38

____ carries the information from DNA to the ribosome

Answer 38

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 39

____ brings specific amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Answer 39

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 40

Transcription proceeds from the # _____ end of the template a. ) 5' end to the 5 c. ) depend on pair b. ) 3’ end to the 5’

Answer 40

3’ end to the 5’