Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MIDS 127 - abdo > The Gastrointestinal Tract (Adults) > Flashcards

The Gastrointestinal Tract (Adults) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 bowel wall layers and their echogenicity?

A

Outermost to innermost -

  1. Mucosal surface (echogenic)
  2. Muscularis Mucosa (hypoechoic)
  3. Submucosa (echogenic)
  4. Muscularis Propria (hypoechoic)
  5. Serosa (echogenic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the largest endocrine organ in the body?

A

The GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are Peptic Ulcers most common?

A

The Duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a peptic ulcer?

A

Ulceration of mucosal lining of lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Peptic Ulcers are more common in women or men?

A

Men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the risk factors for a peptic ulcer?

A

H. Pylori infection, NSAIDS, corticosteroids, severe stress/illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What, if long standing, can lead to gastric CA?

A

Peptic Ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the sonographic finding for a peptic ulcer?

A

Wall thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The GE junction is seen _______ to the LL and ________ to the AO.

A

Left liver lobe, anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common esophageal caricnoma?

A

Squamous cell caricinoma (upper and mid esophagus) but adenocarcinoma (lower)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Esophageal caricnoma is most common in women or men?

A

Men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the measurements for the stomach?

A

Undistended bowel wall: 4-6mm

Distended 2-4mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Duplication Cysts (SS, complications, SF)

A

SS: Asymptomatic or distension, vomiting and abdo pain
Complications: hemorrhage, fistula
SF: anechoic cysts along the greater curvature with inner echogenic rim and wider outer hypoechoic rim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gastritis (Acute, Chronic, Atrophic, Phlegmonous) appearances

A

Acute: Enlarged rugal folds with thickening of mucosal layer of the wall
Chronic: May demonstrate hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps
Atrophic: Atrophic mucosa
Phlegmonous: Wall thickening, potentially gas bubbles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Crohns Disease (where it most commonly affects, CP, SF)

A

Most commonly affects terminal ileum and prox colon.
CP: Young adults
SF: hypoechoic target lesion in trans, chronically hypervascular walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common tumour of the stomach?

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Leiomyomas (associations, SF)

A

Associated with: gallbladder stones, peptic ulcer disease, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma (the malignant version)
SF: hypoechoic oval/circular mass, continuous with muscle layer, and may be complicated by cystic areas of necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

GISTs is an acronym for:

A

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gastric Carcinoma arises from…

A

The muscosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gastric Caricnoma is more common in males or females?

A

Males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SS of Gastric Carcinoma

A

Asymptomatic or indigestion, burning sensation, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, increased LFTs (all GI symptoms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of Gastric Carcinoma?

A

Wall thickening (target or pseudokidney sign), mass with no peristalsis (no movement), mass can be ulcerated, diffuse, polypoid, or superficial

23
Q

The stomach is the most common site for primary __________ of the GI tract.

A

Lymphoma

24
Q

Lymphoma commonly initially involves outer part of _____ ______ and inner part of _______.

A

Lamina propria, and submucosa

25
Q

Lymphoma is associated with the bacteria __. __________.

A

H. Pylori

26
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of Lymphoma?

A

Thickened hypoechoic wall, marked rugal thickening, mass is hypoechoic with spoke-wheel or bull’s eye pattern

27
Q

Leimyosarcoma (CP/SA)

A

50-60yo

SA: target shaped hypoechoic mass, potential central necrosis

28
Q

Mets from the stomach commonly come from ________, _____ CA, _________ carcinoma.

A

melanoma, breast, bronchogenic

29
Q

The Duodenum has 4 parts:

A 
Duodenal bulb (shortest portion)
Descending duodenum
Transverse duodenum
Ascending duodenum (becomes the jejunum at the ligament of Treitz)
30
Q

The bowel should be ______ cm and demonstrate _______.

A

Less than 3 cm, peristalsis

31
Q

Ileus is also known as:

A

Acute intestinal pseudoobstruction

32
Q

What is the etiology of Ileus?

A

Peritonitis, renal colic, acute pancreatitis…

33
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of Acute Intestinal Pseudoobstruction?

A

Small bowel distension with air or fluid, increased peristalsis

34
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction can occur due to…

A

Adhesions, inflammation, neoplastic lesions, intussusception

35
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of a small bowel obstruction?

A

Round in cross section, peristalsis is either absent or increased, valvulae conniventes are usually visible

36
Q

Is the cause is volvulus, dilated loops will appear…

A

C-shaped in LONG (sag), often contain only fluid and no air

37
Q

What is intussusception?

A

Telescoping of bowel into adjacent segment, usually occurs due to a tumour

38
Q

Intussusception is most common in which age population?

A

Children

39
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of Intussusception?

A

Concentric circles (trans), mesentery between two multilayered structures - ‘sandwich sign’ (sag), potential bowel lesion

40
Q

Why does a small bowel hematoma occur?

A

Duodenum immobility (unable to jump out of harm’s way)

41
Q

What does a small bowel hematoma look like?

A

Bowel wall thickening of variaible echogenicity, potential dilated bowel loops

42
Q

Small Bowel Edema can be caused by…

A

Hypoproteinemia

43
Q

Crohn’s Disease is also known as _________ _________.

A

Granulomatous Enteritis

44
Q

What is the most common reason for a small bowel ultrasound?

A

Screening for Granulomatous Enteritis (Crohn disease)

45
Q

What is the most common nonspecific inflammation of small bowel?

A

Crohn Disease (Granulomatous Enteritis)

46
Q

Granulomatous Enteritis aka Crohn Disease commonly affects which part of the small bowel?

A

The ileum

47
Q

What are the complications of Crohn Disease?

A

Stenosis, abscess, effusion, fistula, ulcerations, infiltrations

48
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of Crohn Disease?

A

Thickened bowel wall with altered echogenicity and hypoechoic center (target sign!), hypervascular

49
Q

Meckel Diverticulitis (SS, SF, DD, description)

A

Diverticulum located in distal ileum. Typically 3-6cm long.
SS: intestinal obstruction, rectal bleeding, inflammation
SF: inflamed diverticulum
DD: appy

50
Q

What is the most common benign tumour of the small bowel that arises from the muscularis propria?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

51
Q

What is the most common small bowel tumour that is malignant?

A

Smooth muscle tumours

52
Q

What are the most common metastatic malignancies?

A

Melanoma, lung, kidney, and breast

53
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of mets to the small bowel?

A

Intramural or intraluminal masses, appear similar to smooth muscle tumours and lymphomas

MIDS 127 - abdo (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions