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MIDS 127 - abdo > Ergonomics + Introduction > Flashcards

Ergonomics + Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What decade was the earliest application of ultrasound to medical diagnosis?

A

1940s

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2
Q

What is the anatomic position?

A

Standing erect, feet together, arms by the sides with the palms and face directed forward

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3
Q

What are the three anatomic planes? Describe them.

A

Sagittal - splits the body into left and right
Coronal - splits the body into anterior/posterior
Transverse - splits the body into superior/inferior

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4
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

Located on the opposite side of the body/affecting the opposite side of the body

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5
Q

What is decubitus/recumbent?

A

The act of lying down

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6
Q

What is the difference between supine/dorsal vs. prone/ventral?

A

Supine/dorsal is when you’re lying on your back

Prone/ventral is lying on your stomach/face down

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7
Q

What are the nine regions of the abdomen?

A

Right hypochondriac | Epigastric | Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar | Umbilical | Left lumbar
Right inguinal | Hypogastric | Left inguinal

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8
Q

What is an echo?

A

A recorded acoustic signal from the reflection of the sound wave

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9
Q

What is echogenic?

A

Describes relative tissue texture as being more bright

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10
Q

What is anechoic/sonolucent?

A

Echo-free and easy passage of sound. Completely black

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11
Q

What is hyperechoic?

A

Echoes brighter than surrounding tissues or brighter than normal

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12
Q

What is hypoechoic?

A

Echoes less bright than surrounding tissues or less bright than normal

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13
Q

What is echopenic?

A

Less echogenic structures than others, or has few internal echoes

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14
Q

What is isoechoic?

A

Structures equal in echo density

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15
Q

What is the difference of homogenous vs heterogenous texture?

A

Homogenous together is echoes imaged of equal intensity, while heterogenous has several different echo characteristics.

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16
Q

Describe the sonographic features of a cystic structure.

A
  • anechoic center
  • well defined with sharply defined posterior wall
  • acoustic enhancement
  • possible reverberation artifacts if close to transducer
  • edge shadowing may appear, depends on the angle
17
Q

Describe the sonographic features of a solid structure.

A
  • Internal echoes increase with an increase in instrument gain settings
  • Irregular often poorly defined walls and margins
  • Low-amplitude echoes or shadowing posterior to the mass due to increased acoustic attenuation by soft tissue or calculi
  • Homogenous or heterogenous
  • May be hyperechoic, hypoechoic, echopenic, or anechoic echo texture
18
Q

Describe the sonographic features of a complex structure.

A
  • typically both anechoic and echogenic areas from both cystic and solid tissues
19
Q

What is the 20-20-20 rule?

A

Refocus your eyes every 20 mins on an object aprox. 20 feet from you for aprox. 20 secs.

20
Q

What angle should your elbow be within at all times while scanning?

A

30 degrees.

21
Q

When was the Occupational Safety and Health Act passed?

A

1970

22
Q

What is WRMSD?

A

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder

23
Q

What are the types of WRSMD that sonographers deal with?

A

Tendonitis/tenosynovitis: Inflammation of the tendon and the sheath around the tendon
de Quervain disease: A specific type of tendonitis of the thumb that results from gripping the transducer
Carpal Tunnel: Entrapment of the median nerve as it runs through the carpal bones of the wrist
Cubital tunnel: Entrapment of the ulnar nerve as it runs through the elbow.
Epicondylitis (lateral and medial): Inflammation of the periosteum in the area of insertion of the bicep tendon into the distal humerus.
Thoracic outlet syndrome: Nerve entrapment that can occur at different levels
Trigger Finger: Inflammation and swelling of the tendon sheath in a finger that entraps the tendon and restricts motion of the finger
Bursitis: Inflammation of the shoulder bursa from repeated motion
Spinal Degeneration: Intervertebral disk degeneration that results from bending and twisting and improper seating
Rotator Cuff Injury: Repeated motion causes fraying of the rotator cuff muscle tendons.

24
Q

What is the most common WRMSD for sonographers?

A

Rotator cuff injury

MIDS 127 - abdo (14 decks)

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