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MIDS 127 - abdo > Retroperitoneal > Flashcards

Retroperitoneal Flashcards

1
Q

What organs does the retroperitoneal contain?

A

Supradrenal Glands
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum (2nd, 3rd, fourth parts)

Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending/descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
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2
Q

What are the 3 major compartments of the Retroperitoneum?

A

Anterior Pararenal Space
Perirenal/Perinephric Space
Posterior Pararenal Space

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3
Q

Gerota’s fascia is the _______ renal fascia.

A

anterior

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4
Q

Zuckerkland is the _______ renal fascia.

A

posterior

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5
Q

The anterior pararenal space contains…

A

Fat, pancreas, distal CBD, second third fourth parts duodenum, ascending/descending colon

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6
Q

The perirenal/perinephric space contains…

A

Kidneys, adrenal glands, perinephric fat, prevertebral AO and IVC

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7
Q

The posterior pararenal space contains…

A

Fat. No organs!

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8
Q

The left crus is to the _____ of the AO and inserts into the _____ tendon of the _______.

A

left, central, diaphragm

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9
Q

Which is longer and more lobular - right or left crus?

A

Right

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10
Q

What is a ‘collecting area in the mid-retroperitoneum that collects lymph from lower extremities and pelvis before ascending to the thoracic duct’?

A

Chyle Cistern

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11
Q

What are the retroperitoneal fluid collections?

A

Abscesses, hematomas, urinomas, lymphoceles

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12
Q

What is the most common site of retroperitoneal infections?

A

Anterior pararenal space (APS)

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13
Q

What space is usually associated with renal abnormalities?

A

Perirenal Space (Gerota fascia)

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14
Q

What kind of hematomas can occur to the kidneys?

A

Subscapular or in the renal tissue

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15
Q

What is most commonly iatrogenic following node dissection?

A

Lymphocele

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16
Q

How long does it take for a lymphocele to begin after surgery?

A

10-21 days, up to 8wks post renal transplant

17
Q

If large, what complications can lymphoceles create?

A

Hydronephrosis and edema

18
Q

What is a urinoma?

A

Extravasated urine into retroperitoneum due to a tear in the urinary collecting system.

19
Q

Where does urinoma typically form?

A

Perirenal space

20
Q

What has an etiology of: extension from adjacent organ (renal infection, diverticululitis, Crohn disease), or existing retroperi fluid collection that has become infected?

A

Abscess

21
Q

Abscesses can occur from…

A

Renal infection, diverticulitis, Crohn disease

22
Q

Retroperitoneal Fibrosis is also known as _______ disease or chronic ________.

A

Ormond, chronic periaortitis

23
Q

What does retroperitoneal Fibrosis usually affect/encase?

A

Great vessels, ureters, and retroperi lymphatics

24
Q

Retroperitoneal Fibrosis is most common in men or women?

A

Middle aged males

25
Q

What is the sonographic feature of Retroperitoneal Fibrosis?

A

HYPOechoic smoothly marginated clump/layer. Usually occurs in the para-aortic area of the perinephric space or around the ureters. Can cause medial deviation or stenosis leading to hydro if the ureters are affected.

26
Q

What is it called when the lymph nodes are enlarged due to inflammation, primary neoplasia, or mets?

A

Lymphadenopathy

27
Q

_______ is a common finding in patients with AIDS.

A

Lymphadenopathy

28
Q

What does lymphadenitis look like?

A

Enlarged lymph nodes that maintain shape and fatty hilum and demonstrate hyperemia.

29
Q

What does a malignant lymph node look like?

A

More round, lack of fatty hilum, hypoechoic to anechoic, asymmetrical cortical widening, potential avascular areas, mass effect on normal vascular tree

30
Q

Can nodes form together and form a mass around in the great vessels in lymphadenopathy?

A

Yes

31
Q

What is the most common malignant primary retropertioneal tumour?

A

Liposarcoma

32
Q

Malignant tumours cause mass effect on: (4 items)

A

IVC
Ureters
Bladder
Extrahepatic Bile Duct

33
Q

What is the population most common for Liposarcomas?

A

Middle aged men

34
Q

What has a sonographic finding of: poorly marginated lobulated and complex mass, causes mass effect, typically very large in size (big mass), typically anterior to spine and psoas muscles?

A

Liposarcoma

35
Q

What malignant primary neoplasm of the retroperitoneal is most common in women?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

36
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of a leiomyosarcoma?

A

Complex lesion with internal necrosis and hemorrhage, well-circumscribed, erosion of adjacent visceral wall may result in gas/air within the mass

MIDS 127 - abdo (14 decks)

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