The forelimb

Question 1

What are the bones of the forelimb

Answer 1

Scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 2

What is the trunchobrachial junction

Answer 2

the attachment of the forelimb to the body by muscles not bone
the thorax is slung between the forelimbs

Question 3

What is the main retractor of the forelimb

Answer 3

latissimus dorsi

Question 4

What type of the joint is the shoulder joint

Answer 4

ball and socket but can only flex and extend so acts as a hinge joint

Question 5

what movements are done by the shoulder joint

Answer 5

flexion and extension

Question 6

What group of muscles support the shoulder joint

Answer 6

ligamentar muscles

Question 7

What ligamentar muscles support the shoulder joint

Answer 7

laterally the infraspinatus
medially the subscapularis

Question 8

What joint is the elbow joint

Answer 8

hinge joint

Question 9

What movement is the elbow joint restricted to

Answer 9

flexion and extension

Question 10

What are the three joints in the carpus

Answer 10

Antebrachiocarpal
Intercarpal
Carpometacarpal

Question 11

What joint is the antebrachiocarpal joint

Answer 11

untypical hinge joint
has the greatest range of motion of the carpal joints

Question 12

What joint is the intercarpal joint

Answer 12

untypical hinge joint
significant range of motion, less than antebrachiocarpal joint

Question 13

what joint is the carpometacarpal joint

Answer 13

gliding joint

Question 14

What are the four bones in the proximal row of the carpus

Answer 14

radial, intermediate, ulnar, accessory

Question 15

What are the four bones in the distal row of the carpus

Answer 15

first, second, third, fourth

Question 16

what are the carpal bones present in the pig

Answer 16

all eight bones present
first carpal bone is small

Question 17

what are the carpal bones present in the horse

Answer 17

all eight bones present
first carpal bone is often missing or very small

Question 18

what are the carpal bones present in the carnivore

Answer 18

radial and intermediate carpal bones are fused

Question 19

what are the carpal bones present in the ox

Answer 19

the first carpal bone is absent and the second and third are fused

Question 20

plantigrade

Answer 20

walking on the soles of your feet

Question 21

digitigrade

Answer 21

walking on the digits

Question 22

ungulidrade

Answer 22

walking on hooves

Question 23

what is the modification to the basic pattern of digits in dogs and cats

Answer 23

some reduction of first digit (dew claw)

Question 24

what is the modification to the basic pattern of digits in the pig

Answer 24

first digit absent, second and fifth smaller than third and fourth

Question 25

what is the modification to the basic pattern of digits in the ruminant

Answer 25

first and second digit absent
third and fourth digit share a common metacarpal bone
fifth digit only represented by a tiny metacarpal bone

Question 26

what is the modification to the basic pattern of digits in the horse

Answer 26

first and fifth digits absent
second and fourth digits much reduced and represented only by a small metacarpal bone

Question 27

what are sesamoid bones

Answer 27

small bones lying within or next to tendons or muscles (patella)

Question 28

function of sesamoid bones

Answer 28

act to ensure that the pull of muscles and tendons is transmitted smoothy around bends

Question 29

pentadactyl

Answer 29

five fingers
there is a great reduction in digits between species

Question 30

what animals have a clavicle

Answer 30

cats, rabbits
vestigial structure

Question 31

what motion can the scapula make

Answer 31

protraction
retraction
elevation
depression
rotation cranially or caudally

Question 32

what parts are connected in the shoulder joint

Answer 32

glenoid cavity of scapula
greater tuberosity of humerus

Question 33

what parts are connected in the elbow joint

Answer 33

humerus lies in semi lunar notch of ulna
radius lies in radial notch of ulna

Question 34

what bones are in the brachium

Answer 34

humerus

Question 35

what bones are in the antebrachium

Answer 35

radius and ulna