The forelimb Flashcards
What are the bones of the forelimb
Scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
What is the trunchobrachial junction
the attachment of the forelimb to the body by muscles not bone
the thorax is slung between the forelimbs
What is the main retractor of the forelimb
latissimus dorsi
What type of the joint is the shoulder joint
ball and socket but can only flex and extend so acts as a hinge joint
what movements are done by the shoulder joint
flexion and extension
What group of muscles support the shoulder joint
ligamentar muscles
What ligamentar muscles support the shoulder joint
laterally the infraspinatus
medially the subscapularis
What joint is the elbow joint
hinge joint
What movement is the elbow joint restricted to
flexion and extension
What are the three joints in the carpus
Antebrachiocarpal
Intercarpal
Carpometacarpal
What joint is the antebrachiocarpal joint
untypical hinge joint
has the greatest range of motion of the carpal joints
What joint is the intercarpal joint
untypical hinge joint
significant range of motion, less than antebrachiocarpal joint
what joint is the carpometacarpal joint
gliding joint
What are the four bones in the proximal row of the carpus
radial, intermediate, ulnar, accessory
What are the four bones in the distal row of the carpus
first, second, third, fourth
what are the carpal bones present in the pig
all eight bones present
first carpal bone is small
what are the carpal bones present in the horse
all eight bones present
first carpal bone is often missing or very small
what are the carpal bones present in the carnivore
radial and intermediate carpal bones are fused
what are the carpal bones present in the ox
the first carpal bone is absent and the second and third are fused
plantigrade
walking on the soles of your feet
digitigrade
walking on the digits
ungulidrade
walking on hooves
what is the modification to the basic pattern of digits in dogs and cats
some reduction of first digit (dew claw)
what is the modification to the basic pattern of digits in the pig
first digit absent, second and fifth smaller than third and fourth
what is the modification to the basic pattern of digits in the ruminant
first and second digit absent
third and fourth digit share a common metacarpal bone
fifth digit only represented by a tiny metacarpal bone
what is the modification to the basic pattern of digits in the horse
first and fifth digits absent
second and fourth digits much reduced and represented only by a small metacarpal bone
what are sesamoid bones
small bones lying within or next to tendons or muscles (patella)
function of sesamoid bones
act to ensure that the pull of muscles and tendons is transmitted smoothy around bends
pentadactyl
five fingers
there is a great reduction in digits between species
what animals have a clavicle
cats, rabbits
vestigial structure
what motion can the scapula make
protraction
retraction
elevation
depression
rotation cranially or caudally
what parts are connected in the shoulder joint
glenoid cavity of scapula
greater tuberosity of humerus
what parts are connected in the elbow joint
humerus lies in semi lunar notch of ulna
radius lies in radial notch of ulna
what bones are in the brachium
humerus
what bones are in the antebrachium
radius and ulna
