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Anatomy > Muscle and tendon > Flashcards

Muscle and tendon Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle

A

Skeletal striated
cardiac striated
smooth

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2
Q

Importance of skeletal muscle

A

Posture and locomotion
controlling body cavity and orifices sizes
venous and lymphatic return
is the end product of the production line (food)

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3
Q

1 muscle =

A

many fascicles

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4
Q

1 fascicle =

A

many fibres

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5
Q

1 fibre =

A

1 multinucleate syncytium - a long cylindrical tube
many intracellular, longitudinal myofibrils each divided into repeating transverse sarcomeres

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6
Q

what is contraction range proportional to

A

number of sarcomeres in series

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7
Q

what is forces applied when contract proportional to

A

number of myofibrils in parallel

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8
Q

what are the three types of skeletal muscle that have fibres parallel to each other

A

strap, pennate, bipennate

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9
Q

name a strap muscle

A

omotransversarius

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10
Q

Give a property of pennate and bipennate relating to their contraction

A

don’t contract very far but contract with a high force

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11
Q

Name the eight gross shapes of skeltal muscle

A

Strap
Pennate
Bipennate
Oblique
Spiral
Digastric
Multihead
Constrictor
Dilator

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12
Q

Name the 8 gross structures of skeletal muscle

A

Strap
Pennate
Bipennate
Oblique
Spiral
Digastric
Multihead
Constrictor
Dilator

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12
Q

Name the 8 gross structures of skeletal muscle

A

Strap
Pennate
Bipennate
Oblique
Spiral
Digastric
Multihead
Constrictor
Dilator

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13
Q

Describe structure of pennate muscle

A

long tendons connected by short muscle fibres

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14
Q

Name an oblique muscle

A

serratus ventralis

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15
Q

Name a spiral muscle

A

Supinator

16
Q

Describe extrinsic muscles

A

strap like since no leverage avaliable

17
Q

Describe intrinsic muscles

A

pennate - strong with little range but lots of leverage

18
Q

What is an agonist

A

prime mover - carries out the main function

19
Q

What is an antagonist

A

carries out the opposing function to the agonist

20
Q

What is a synergist

A

muscle that prevents other muscles from being impaired

21
Q

Two types of synergists

A

Capsular muscles - stabilise joint capsule (anconeus)
Ligamentar muscles - constrain movement (subscapularis)

22
Q

Mono-articular muscles

A

only cross one joint
Brachialis only crosses one joint = the elbow

23
Q

Polyarticular muscles

A

Cross multiple joints
act at the most distal joint they cross
common digital extensor

24
Q

What is torque

A

the ability of a force (muscle) to cause rotation of a mass (limb segment) about a pivot (joint)

25
Q

Tendons

A

strong fibrous continuation of the epi, peri and endomysia at the ends of muscle - dense collagen
more injury prone than muscle

26
Q

Types of tendon

A

Funicular - chord
Aponeurotic - broad sheet

27
Q

Functions of tendons

A

direct muscular force
Store and release elastic potential energy
Absorb sudden forces that would usually tear muscle appart

28
Q

What is a fascicle surrounded by

A

perimysium

29
Q

Fascial tunnels

A

bundle of fibrous connective tissue surrounding the whole muscle
muscle contained in a fixed volume, allows venous and lymphatic return
makes the muscle tough and rigid when contracted

30
Q

Torque =

A

force x perpendicular distance from pivot

movement of inertia x angular acceleration

31
Q

Units for torque

A

Nm

32
Q

Four acessory structures

A

Sheaths
Scuta
Retinacula
Sesamoid bones

33
Q

Sheaths

A

areolar fibrous tissue sleave - peritendon
synovial bursa lie between bone and tendon may connect to joint space or not
synovial sheath wraps around tendon
mesotendon gap for vessels and nerves

34
Q

Scuta

A

tough pad of fibrocartilage over a tendon

35
Q

Retinacula

A

transverse bands that straps the tendon in place
decreases perpendicular distance between tendon and pivot so decreases torque

36
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

bones that form within tendons
prevent flattening of tendon, reduce friction
increases perpendicular distance from tendon and pivot increasing torque

Anatomy (7 decks)

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