The forebrain and cerebral cortex Flashcards
Site the main component of the forebrain and localise them on the draw
N accumbens Amygdala Bed Ni of the stria terminalis Caudate N Caudate-Putamen Habenula Hippocampus Hypothalamus Globus Pallidus (GB) Lateral GB Medial GB Putamen Septum Subthalamic N Thalamus Ventral Pallidum
Which are the different cortical type ?
Néocortex, Allo cortex and Mesocortex
What do we know about the allocortex?
Paleocortex (olfactory piriform cortex) - 4 to 6 layers
Achricortex - 3 layer - hippocampal formation.
What do we know about the mesocortex?
Transition cortex between the allocortex and the neocortex. It concern the enthorinal, perirhinal, cingulate, insula orbitofrontal, subcallosal retrospinal cortexes.
Site the layer forming the cytoarchitecture of the cortex.
I - Molecular layer II - External granular layer III - External pyramidal layer IV - internal granular layer V - internal pyramidal layer VI - Multiform layer
Which differences can we observe at the cytoarchitectural level between the sensory, motor and other cortical region ?
Motor : Heteroypical cortex, agranular (very small IV layer, layers III and V developped)
Sensory : Heterotypical ( L III and V reduced, IV developped)
other : homotypical, 6 developped layers
Cite the different type of cells you can find in the homotypical cortex.
Pyramid neurones Modified pyramid Horizontal cells Chandelier cells aspiny stellate Spiny stellate Basket
Describe the pyramid cells.
Layer V and III
Dendrites project horizontaly in every layers.
Glutamatergic neurones (excitatory)
axon project corticofugaly or to the corrtex
70-80% of the cortex volume
Describe modified pyramid cells
C body in layer VI
Dendrires un layer IV and VI
project to the thalamus & to the cortex
glutalatergic
Describe Horizontal cells
Dendrites and cell body in layer 1
Periphery of the cortex
Describe chandelier cells
Layer III
GABAergic interneurones
It is believed that they provide inhibitory input to the pyramidal neurons, but there is data showing that in some circumstances the GABA from chandelier neurons could be excitatory.
Axons L II and III
Where are SPiny stellate cells located ?
Layer IV
Where are basket cells located ?
W/ pyramidal cells, L V and IV
What are the differences between SPiny stellate and A stellate cells ?
SPiny stellate: excitatory interneurons
C body L IV
dendrite IV
axon II
aspiny interneurones : C body, dendrites and axon L IV, GABAergic(inibitory) interneurons
Large arborisation
