The Foot & Toes Flashcards
Review: The lower leg is comprised of how many bones?
28 including the Tibia and Fibula
Review: What are the main 4 functions of the foot?
Shock absorption, propulsion, stability & terrain adaptation
Propulsion involves what range of motion, in what joints?
Triple extension:
Extension @ the hip, knee & ankle/toes
What are the 3 regions of the foot and what do they do functionally?
Rearfoot: Talus & Calcaneus - Stability
Midfoot: Navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms - Stability
Forefoot: Metatarsals & Phalanges - Mobility
What are the 4 main PASSIVE supporting structures of the foot?
- Plantar Fascia
- Spring Ligament (Plantar calcaneonavicular)
- Long Plantar Ligament (long plantar calcaneocuboid)
- Short Plantar Ligament (short plantar calcaneocuboid)
What are the main functions of the plantar fascia?
- To store mechanical energy during the gait cycle
- Greatest contributor of arch stability
- Protection of plantar aspect of foot
What is Sever’s disease?
Apophysitis of the calcaneus
- Often seen in 7-10 y/o’s due to growth spurts, decreased flexibility of the posterior chain.
- Often related to issues with shock absorption
- Posterior heel pain that usually occurs after beginning a new season
What is Pump Bump?
Retrocalcaneal Bursitis or Haglunds Deformity
Excessive pressure from a constrictive heel cup w/ excess pronation can irritate the bursa between the calcaneus and the Achilles tendon
An inflamed bursa can present as a large mass, hence the name
What is a Cuboid Subluxation?
During plantar flexion and inversion injuries, there is a strong reflexive contraction of the Peroneus longus muscle. The Cuboid acts as a fulcrum in this contraction, placing a force on the Cuboid and causing it to move infero-medially.
Could also be a result of overuse/repeated microtrauma.
What is involved with Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?
Entrapment of the post. Tibial nerve or med./lat. branches as it passes through the Tarsal Tunnel.
Will result in paresthesia, numbness, burning sensations. Not to be confused with Plantar Fasciitis.
What is a Lisfranc injury?
Disruption of the tarsometatarsal joint which could or could not be associated with a fracture. Usually a result of severe twisting while plantar flexed.
Describe Plantar Fasciitis
A very common HINDFOOT problem usually a result of improper footwear or playing on unyielding surfaces. Will cause pain on medial heel that occurs after resting/upon waking in the morning.
Where does a Jones fracture occur?
Avulsion fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal.
Usually in conjunction with an ankle sprain.
What is Metatarsalgia?
Flattening of the transverse arch results in general discomfort around the metatarsal heads. Has a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated.
What causes Morton’s Neuroma?
Nerve entrapment between 2 metatarsal heads. Most commonly the 3rd digital nerve.
