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Structural Kinesiology > The Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

The Foot and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What 7 bones form the tarsals?

A

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform

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2
Q

How many metatarsals are there?

A

5

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3
Q

How many phalanges are there?

A

14

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4
Q

Name the bones in a toe

A

Proximal, middle and distal phalange

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5
Q

Name the bones in the hallux

A

Proximal and distal phalange

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6
Q

What bones articulate at the talocrural joint?

A

Medial malleolus of the tibia, lateral malleolus of the fibula and talus

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7
Q

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

A

Hinge

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8
Q

What bones articulate at the subtalar joint?

A

Talus and calcaneus

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9
Q

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

A

Gliding

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10
Q

Where specifically are the two transverse tarsal joints found?

A

Between talus and navicular, and calcaneus and cuboid.

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11
Q

What type of joints are the transverse tarsal joints?

A

Gliding

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12
Q

Where are intertarsal joints found?

A

Between tarsals

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13
Q

Where are tarsometatarsal joints found?

A

Between tarsals and metatarsals

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14
Q

Where are MTP (metatarsophalangeal) joints found?

A

Between metatarsals and phalanges

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15
Q

Where are interphalangeal joints found?

A

Between bones of the phalanges

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16
Q

What is the end of the tibia called?

A

Medial malleolus

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17
Q

What is the end of the fibula called?

A

Lateral malleolus

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18
Q

Does the lateral or medial malleolus sit lower?

A

Lateral malleolus

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19
Q

Movement at the talocrural joint

A

40-50 degree plantar flexion
15-20 degree dorsi flexion

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20
Q

What does the achilles tendon attach?

A

Gastrocnemius to calcaneus

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21
Q

What are the three structural arches?

A

Medial and lateral longitudinal arch and transverse arch

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22
Q

Role of medial longitudinal arch

A

Shock absorption

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23
Q

What is the role of the lateral longitudinal arch?

24
Q

Role of the transverse arch

A

Adapts foot to ground

25
Q

Plantar Fascia

A

Stabilisation of the medial longitudinal arch and helps propel the body forward.
Connects calcaneus to phalanges
Common injury: plantar fasciitis

26
Q

Pronation

A

Eversion and dorsi flexion

27
Q

Supination

A

Inversion and plantar flexion

28
Q

Four muscle compartments of the foot and ankle

A

Anterior
Lateral
Deep posterior
Superficial posterior

29
Q

Superficial posterior muscles in the foot and ankle

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

30
Q

Movement caused by superficial posterior muscles in the foot and ankle

A

Plantarflexion

31
Q

Deep posterior muscles in the foot and ankle

A

Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor hallucis Longus
Tibialis Posterior
Popliteus

32
Q

Movements caused by deep posterior muscles in the foot and ankle

A

Plantarflexion
Inversion
Flexion of toes

33
Q

Anterior muscles in the knee and ankle

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Peroneus Tertius

34
Q

Movements caused by anterior muscles in the foot and ankle

A

Dorsiflexion
Inversion
Eversion
Extension of toes

35
Q

Lateral muscles in the foot and ankle

A

Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis

36
Q

Movements caused by lateral muscles in the foot and ankle

A

Plantarflexion and eversion

37
Q

Origins of gastrocnemius

A

(M): Posterior of the medial femoral condyle
(L): Posterior of the lateral femoral condyle

38
Q

Insertion of the gastrocnemius

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles tendon

39
Q

Innervation of gastrocnemius

A

Tibial nerve

40
Q

Palpation of gastrocnemius

A

Upper half of posterior lower leg

41
Q

Soleus origin

A

Posterior of proximal fibula and proximal 2/3s of posterior tibia

42
Q

Innervation of soleus

A

Tibial nerve

43
Q

Palpation of soleus

A

Under gastrocnemius - easier when knee is flexed

44
Q

Origin of tibialis anterior

A

Upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia

45
Q

Insertion of tibialis anterior

A

Inner surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

46
Q

Origin of tibialis posterior

A

Posterior surface of the upper half of interosseus membrane and adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula.

47
Q

Insertion of soleus

A

Posterior of calcaneus via achilles tendon

48
Q

Insertion of tibialis posterior

A

Inferior surfaces of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid and bases of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsal

49
Q

Plantarflexors

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis Posterior
FDL
FHL
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis

50
Q

Dorsiflexors

A

Tibialis Anterior
EDL
EHL
Peroneus Tertius

51
Q

Invertors

A

Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior
FDL
FHL

52
Q

Evertors

A

Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Tertius
EDL

53
Q

3 shapes of foot arches

A

Pes planus (flat-footed)
Neutral
Pes cavus (high arch)

54
Q

Pronation of the foot

A

Eversion and dorsi flexion

55
Q

Supination of the foot

A

Inversion and plantar flexion

Structural Kinesiology (8 decks)

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