Spine and Posture Flashcards
Joints of the spine
Intervertebral - between vertebrae
Atlanto-occipital - between atlas (C1) and the skull
Atlanto-axial - between atlas and the axis (C2)
Sacroiliac joint(s)
Number of vertebrae in the cervical spine
C1-C7
Number of vertebrae in thoracic section of spine
T1-T12
Number of vertebrae in lumbar section of the spine
L1-L5
Why do vertebrae size increase down the spine?
Bigger to allow weight-bearing and shock absorption to dissipate energy to reduce risk of injury
Lumbar flexion
Anterior curvature
Lumbar extension
Posterior curvature
Lumbar lateral flexion to the left or right
Side to side
Lumbar rotation to the left or right
Twist side to side
Posterior muscles
Erector spinae:
- Spinalis
- Longissimus
- Iliocostalis
Quadratus Lumborum
Quadratus Lumborum origin
Posterior iliac crest
Quadratus lumborum insertion
12th rib and transverse process of L1-L4
Anterior muscles of the spine
Rectus abdominus (10 compartments)
External obliques
Internal obliques
Rectus abdominus origin
Crest of pubis
Rectus abdominus insertion
5th, 6th, 7th ribs and xiphoid process
External obliques origin
Lower 8 ribs (laterally), dovetails with serratus anterior
External obliques insertion
Anterior Iliac crest, pubis, inguinal ligament
Internal obliques origin
Upper inguinal ligament, anterior ilium
Internal obliques insertion
Cartilage of ribs 8, 9, 10 and linea alba
Muscles responsible for lateral flexion
Erector spinae
Quadratus lumborum
External obliques
Internal obliques
Rectus abdominus
All ipsilateral (same side)
Muscles responsible for lumbar rotation
External and internal obliques (Contralateral - opposite side)
Rectus abdominus and erector spinae - each side (Ipsilateral)
