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VETS1021: Locomotion (Horse) > The Foot > Flashcards

The Foot Flashcards

1
Q

The hoof or ungula is sometimes used to describe

A

The whole foot

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2
Q

The hoof includes the

A

Cornified epidermis (hoof capsule) and underlying dermis, NOT its contents

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3
Q

The distal phalanx of the horse does not

A

Make contact with the ground

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4
Q

The proximal phalanx forms two articulations. PROXIMALLY it articulates with ___ to form the ___

A

-MC3 (cannon bone) and paired proximal sesamoid bones
-Metacarpophalangeal (fetlock) joint

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5
Q

The proximal phalanx forms two articulations. DISTALLY it articulates with ___ to form the ___

A

-middle phalanx (short pastern bone)
-proximal interphalangeal (pastern) joint

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6
Q

The middle phalanx (short pastern bone) articulates with ___ to form the ___

A

-distal phalanx (coffin bone) and distal sesamoid (navicular bone)
-distal interphalangeal (coffin) joint

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7
Q

The unqualified cartilages of the distal phalanx (coffin bone) originate

A

On the proximal borders of each medial and lateral palmar process

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8
Q

The impar ligament attaches

A

The distal phalanx (coffin bone) to the navicular bone

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9
Q

What keeps MC3 and the long pastern bone in place

A

Sagittal ridge of MC3

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10
Q

The distal sesamoid bone is also called the

A

Navicular bone

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11
Q

The distal phalanx (long pastern bone) provides a solear canal for the ____

A

Terminal arch of the medial and lateral digital arteries

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12
Q

Branches of the terminal arch exit at the ___ via ___

A

Parietal cortex; foramens

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13
Q

Arteries exit and supply lamellar dermal epidermal interface via

A

Foramens

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14
Q

What structure is a strong, collagenous bundle that keeps the apparatus attached to the hoof wall

A

Periosteum

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15
Q

The SDFT bifurcates into two branches that insert on

A

-distal extremity of proximal phalanx (long pastern bone)
-proximal extremity of the middle phalanx (short pastern bone)

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16
Q

The DDFT inserts on

A

Distal phalanx (coffin bone) beneath the navicular bone

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17
Q

Podotrochlosis is also called

A

Navicular disease

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18
Q

“Kissing lesions” appear

A

On the distal sesamoid and DDFT due to pressure and frictional forces

19
Q

Parts of the ungular cartilage (5)

A

-chondrocompedale ligament
-chondrocoronale ligament
-chondrotendineum ligament
-chondroungulare ligament
-chondrosesamoidan ligament

20
Q

The chondroungulare ligament fuses

A

The cartilage to the palmar process of the distal phalanx (coffin bone)

21
Q

The chondrotendineum ligament attaches

A

The ungular cartilage to the common digital extensor tendon

22
Q

The chondrocoronale ligament attaches

A

The ungular cartilage to the middle phalanx (short pastern bone)

23
Q

The chondrocompedale ligament attaches

A

The ungular cartilage to the proximal phalanx (long pastern bone)

24
Q

The distal sesamoid (navicular) bone and ungular cartilage are attached to one another via

A

Chondrosesamoidean ligament

25
Q

What structure joins the skin to the hard epidermal hoof

A

Stratum external (periople)

26
Q

Typically, the medial and lateral hoof wall angles differ….

A

With the medial lateral hoof wall being more steep

27
Q

Dorsal to the periople is the

A

Coronet

28
Q

The pastern should be in line with the ___ which is called ___

A

Hoof wall; Dorsal-Pastern Axis

29
Q

Normal, the dorsal hoof wall angle is

A

53 degrees

30
Q

The distal rim of the hoof wall is the

A

Load bearing border

31
Q

Stratum lamellatum refers to both

A

Dermal and epidermal lamellae

32
Q

Dorsal region of hoof wall is called

A

The toe

33
Q

Lateral/medial sides of the wall of the hoof is called

A

The quarters

34
Q

The front feet toe is ___ than in the heels

A

Three times larger

35
Q

The hoof wall can be divided into three sections:

A

-stratum externum (periople)
-stratum medium (tubular bulk of hoof wall)
-stratum internum (primary and secondary epidermal lamellae)

36
Q

There are more lamellae located at the ___ as reinforcement

A

Hoof toe

37
Q

Outer hoof wall layer is called

A

Stratum externum (periople)

38
Q

The middle hoof wall layer is called

A

Stratum medium (coronary horn)

39
Q

The inner layer of the hoof wall is called ___ and contains ___

A

Statrum internum; epidermal lamellae

40
Q

There are about ____ epidermal lamellae per hoof and they extend from ___ to ___

A

450-500; coronary groove to sole

41
Q

The number of lamellae ____ as they get closer to the ____

A

Decrease; heel and bars

42
Q

Tubules of the stratum medium are arranged into three distinct zones:

A

-outer zone (highest tubule density)
-middle zone
-inner zone

43
Q

The periople fold is where

A

The hard hoof connects with the periople (stratum externum)

VETS1021: Locomotion (Horse) (8 decks)

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