The Foot

Question 1

The hoof or ungula is sometimes used to describe

Answer 1

The whole foot

Question 2

The hoof includes the

Answer 2

Cornified epidermis (hoof capsule) and underlying dermis, NOT its contents

Question 3

The distal phalanx of the horse does not

Answer 3

Make contact with the ground

Question 4

The proximal phalanx forms two articulations. PROXIMALLY it articulates with ___ to form the ___

Answer 4

-MC3 (cannon bone) and paired proximal sesamoid bones
-Metacarpophalangeal (fetlock) joint

Question 5

The proximal phalanx forms two articulations. DISTALLY it articulates with ___ to form the ___

Answer 5

-middle phalanx (short pastern bone)
-proximal interphalangeal (pastern) joint

Question 6

The middle phalanx (short pastern bone) articulates with ___ to form the ___

Answer 6

-distal phalanx (coffin bone) and distal sesamoid (navicular bone)
-distal interphalangeal (coffin) joint

Question 7

The unqualified cartilages of the distal phalanx (coffin bone) originate

Answer 7

On the proximal borders of each medial and lateral palmar process

Question 8

The impar ligament attaches

Answer 8

The distal phalanx (coffin bone) to the navicular bone

Question 9

What keeps MC3 and the long pastern bone in place

Answer 9

Sagittal ridge of MC3

Question 10

The distal sesamoid bone is also called the

Answer 10

Navicular bone

Question 11

The distal phalanx (long pastern bone) provides a solear canal for the ____

Answer 11

Terminal arch of the medial and lateral digital arteries

Question 12

Branches of the terminal arch exit at the ___ via ___

Answer 12

Parietal cortex; foramens

Question 13

Arteries exit and supply lamellar dermal epidermal interface via

Answer 13

Foramens

Question 14

What structure is a strong, collagenous bundle that keeps the apparatus attached to the hoof wall

Answer 14

Periosteum

Question 15

The SDFT bifurcates into two branches that insert on

Answer 15

-distal extremity of proximal phalanx (long pastern bone)
-proximal extremity of the middle phalanx (short pastern bone)

Question 16

The DDFT inserts on

Answer 16

Distal phalanx (coffin bone) beneath the navicular bone

Question 17

Podotrochlosis is also called

Answer 17

Navicular disease

Question 18

“Kissing lesions” appear

Answer 18

On the distal sesamoid and DDFT due to pressure and frictional forces

Question 19

Parts of the ungular cartilage (5)

Answer 19

-chondrocompedale ligament
-chondrocoronale ligament
-chondrotendineum ligament
-chondroungulare ligament
-chondrosesamoidan ligament

Question 20

The chondroungulare ligament fuses

Answer 20

The cartilage to the palmar process of the distal phalanx (coffin bone)

Question 21

The chondrotendineum ligament attaches

Answer 21

The ungular cartilage to the common digital extensor tendon

Question 22

The chondrocoronale ligament attaches

Answer 22

The ungular cartilage to the middle phalanx (short pastern bone)

Question 23

The chondrocompedale ligament attaches

Answer 23

The ungular cartilage to the proximal phalanx (long pastern bone)

Question 24

The distal sesamoid (navicular) bone and ungular cartilage are attached to one another via

Answer 24

Chondrosesamoidean ligament

Question 25

What structure joins the skin to the hard epidermal hoof

Answer 25

Stratum external (periople)

Question 26

Typically, the medial and lateral hoof wall angles differ….

Answer 26

With the medial lateral hoof wall being more steep

Question 27

Dorsal to the periople is the

Answer 27

Coronet

Question 28

The pastern should be in line with the ___ which is called ___

Answer 28

Hoof wall; Dorsal-Pastern Axis

Question 29

Normal, the dorsal hoof wall angle is

Answer 29

53 degrees

Question 30

The distal rim of the hoof wall is the

Answer 30

Load bearing border

Question 31

Stratum lamellatum refers to both

Answer 31

Dermal and epidermal lamellae

Question 32

Dorsal region of hoof wall is called

Answer 32

The toe

Question 33

Lateral/medial sides of the wall of the hoof is called

Answer 33

The quarters

Question 34

The front feet toe is ___ than in the heels

Answer 34

Three times larger

Question 35

The hoof wall can be divided into three sections:

Answer 35

-stratum externum (periople) -stratum medium (tubular bulk of hoof wall) -stratum internum (primary and secondary epidermal lamellae)

Question 36

There are more lamellae located at the ___ as reinforcement

Answer 36

Hoof toe

Question 37

Outer hoof wall layer is called

Answer 37

Stratum externum (periople)

Question 38

The middle hoof wall layer is called

Answer 38

Stratum medium (coronary horn)

Question 39

The inner layer of the hoof wall is called ___ and contains ___

Answer 39

Statrum internum; epidermal lamellae

Question 40

There are about ____ epidermal lamellae per hoof and they extend from ___ to ___

Answer 40

450-500; coronary groove to sole

Question 41

The number of lamellae ____ as they get closer to the ____

Answer 41

Decrease; heel and bars

Question 42

Tubules of the stratum medium are arranged into three distinct zones:

Answer 42

-outer zone (highest tubule density) -middle zone -inner zone

Question 43

The periople fold is where

Answer 43

The hard hoof connects with the periople (stratum externum)