The Foot Flashcards
The hoof or ungula is sometimes used to describe
The whole foot
The hoof includes the
Cornified epidermis (hoof capsule) and underlying dermis, NOT its contents
The distal phalanx of the horse does not
Make contact with the ground
The proximal phalanx forms two articulations. PROXIMALLY it articulates with ___ to form the ___
-MC3 (cannon bone) and paired proximal sesamoid bones
-Metacarpophalangeal (fetlock) joint
The proximal phalanx forms two articulations. DISTALLY it articulates with ___ to form the ___
-middle phalanx (short pastern bone)
-proximal interphalangeal (pastern) joint
The middle phalanx (short pastern bone) articulates with ___ to form the ___
-distal phalanx (coffin bone) and distal sesamoid (navicular bone)
-distal interphalangeal (coffin) joint
The unqualified cartilages of the distal phalanx (coffin bone) originate
On the proximal borders of each medial and lateral palmar process
The impar ligament attaches
The distal phalanx (coffin bone) to the navicular bone
What keeps MC3 and the long pastern bone in place
Sagittal ridge of MC3
The distal sesamoid bone is also called the
Navicular bone
The distal phalanx (long pastern bone) provides a solear canal for the ____
Terminal arch of the medial and lateral digital arteries
Branches of the terminal arch exit at the ___ via ___
Parietal cortex; foramens
Arteries exit and supply lamellar dermal epidermal interface via
Foramens
What structure is a strong, collagenous bundle that keeps the apparatus attached to the hoof wall
Periosteum
The SDFT bifurcates into two branches that insert on
-distal extremity of proximal phalanx (long pastern bone)
-proximal extremity of the middle phalanx (short pastern bone)
The DDFT inserts on
Distal phalanx (coffin bone) beneath the navicular bone
Podotrochlosis is also called
Navicular disease
“Kissing lesions” appear
On the distal sesamoid and DDFT due to pressure and frictional forces
Parts of the ungular cartilage (5)
-chondrocompedale ligament
-chondrocoronale ligament
-chondrotendineum ligament
-chondroungulare ligament
-chondrosesamoidan ligament
The chondroungulare ligament fuses
The cartilage to the palmar process of the distal phalanx (coffin bone)
The chondrotendineum ligament attaches
The ungular cartilage to the common digital extensor tendon
The chondrocoronale ligament attaches
The ungular cartilage to the middle phalanx (short pastern bone)
The chondrocompedale ligament attaches
The ungular cartilage to the proximal phalanx (long pastern bone)
The distal sesamoid (navicular) bone and ungular cartilage are attached to one another via
Chondrosesamoidean ligament
What structure joins the skin to the hard epidermal hoof
Stratum external (periople)
Typically, the medial and lateral hoof wall angles differ….
With the medial lateral hoof wall being more steep
Dorsal to the periople is the
Coronet
The pastern should be in line with the ___ which is called ___
Hoof wall; Dorsal-Pastern Axis
Normal, the dorsal hoof wall angle is
53 degrees
The distal rim of the hoof wall is the
Load bearing border
Stratum lamellatum refers to both
Dermal and epidermal lamellae
Dorsal region of hoof wall is called
The toe
Lateral/medial sides of the wall of the hoof is called
The quarters
The front feet toe is ___ than in the heels
Three times larger
The hoof wall can be divided into three sections:
-stratum externum (periople)
-stratum medium (tubular bulk of hoof wall)
-stratum internum (primary and secondary epidermal lamellae)
There are more lamellae located at the ___ as reinforcement
Hoof toe
Outer hoof wall layer is called
Stratum externum (periople)
The middle hoof wall layer is called
Stratum medium (coronary horn)
The inner layer of the hoof wall is called ___ and contains ___
Statrum internum; epidermal lamellae
There are about ____ epidermal lamellae per hoof and they extend from ___ to ___
450-500; coronary groove to sole
The number of lamellae ____ as they get closer to the ____
Decrease; heel and bars
Tubules of the stratum medium are arranged into three distinct zones:
-outer zone (highest tubule density)
-middle zone
-inner zone
The periople fold is where
The hard hoof connects with the periople (stratum externum)
