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VETS1021: Locomotion (Horse) > Joints & Ligaments > Flashcards

Joints & Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

A joint occurs

A

Between two bones

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2
Q

The joint cavity contains ___ and is surrounded by ____

A

Synovial fluid; joint capsule

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3
Q

Shoulder Joint (5)

A

-glenohumeral
-spherical joint
-lacks collateral ligaments
-support comes from supra- and infraspinatus muscles
-bursa of biceps tendon is a separate synovial cavity

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4
Q

Elbow Joint (6)

A

-radiohumeral
-cubical joint
-joint capsule forms a pouch in the olecranon fossa under the anconeus muscle
-medial and lateral humeral epicondyles are palpable
-lateral collateral ligament is short but strong
-medial collateral ligament is divided into long and short parts

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5
Q

The medial collateral ligament of the radiohumeral (elbow) joint (2)

A

-divided into long and short parts
-long part is a remnant of the pronator teres muscle

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6
Q

Three joints that comprise the carpus

A

-radiocarpal (antebrachiocarpal)
-intercarpal (middle carpal)
-carpometacarpal

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7
Q

The “knee” of the horse is a misnomer for the

A

Carpus

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8
Q

Proximal joint of the carpus

A

Antebrachiocarpal (radiocarpal) joint

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9
Q

Middle joint of the carpus

A

Middle carpal (intercarpal) joint

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10
Q

Distal joint of the carpus

A

Carpometacarpal joint

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11
Q

Movement (in degrees) of the:
A. Antebrachiocarpal (radiocarpal) joint
B. Middle Carpal (intercarpal) joint
C. Carpometacarpal joint

A

A. 100 degrees
B. ~45 degrees
C. 0 degress

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12
Q

5 main ligaments of the carpus

A

-common plantar ligament
-dorsal carpal ligament (extensor retinaculum)
-flexor retinaculum
-medial/lateral collateral ligaments
-intercarpal ligaments

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13
Q

Common Palmar Ligament of the Carpus (3)

A

-thick, continuous with joint capsule
-helps prevent over-extension
-extends distally to accessory ligament of the DDFT (ie. inferior check ligament)

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14
Q

Extensor Retinaculum (2)

A

-aka dorsal carpal ligament
-envelopes the extensor tendons of the dorsal aspect of the carpus (ie. Extensor Carpi Radialis and Common Digital Extensor)

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15
Q

Flexor Retinaculum (2)

A

-from the accessory carpal bone to medial aspect of joint
-encloses the carpal canal including the DDFT and SDFT

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16
Q

Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the Carpus (4)

A

-large
-complete
-extend from the distal radius to the metacarpus
-intermittent attachments to carpal bones

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17
Q

Two main ligaments of the sacroiliac joint and two facts

A

Sacroiliac Ligament
-dorsal and ventral
-incorporated into fibrous capsule of joint

Sacrosciatic Ligament
-equivalent to sacrotuberous ligament in the dog
-creates the grater and lesser ischiatic foraminae

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18
Q

In the ruminant and horse, the ligament of the head of the femur originates / inserts

A

Horse
O: pubic groove rear the acetabular notch
I: fovea of the femoral head

Ruminant
O: the acetabulum
I: fovea of the femoral head

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19
Q

The coxofemoral joint is the

A

Hip joint

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20
Q

Four ligaments of the coxofemoral joint

A

-cotyloid ligament
-accessory (femoropubic) ligament
-ligament of the head of the femur (round ligament)
-transverse acetabular ligament

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21
Q

Cotyloid Ligament (3)

A

-found in the coxofemoral joint
-fibrocartilage around rim of acetabulum
-equivalent of acetabular lip in the dog

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22
Q

Transverse Acetabular Ligament (3)

A

-found in the coxofemoral joint
-across the acetabular notch
-holds the accessory ligament in place

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23
Q

Ligament of the head of the femur (round ligament) (5)

A

-found. In the coxofemoral joint
-short and stout
-tightens on abduction
-prevents horse from “cow kicking”
-means hip luxurious are rare

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24
Q

Which ligament prevents horses from “cow kicking”

A

Ligament of the head of the femur (round ligament)

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25
Q

Which ligament of the hip joint is unique to Equidae

A

Accessory (femoropubic) ligament

26
Q

Accessory (femoropubic) ligament (6)

A

-found in the coxofemoral joint
-unique to Equidae
-extension of the pre-pubic tendon
-enters acetabulum through acetabular notch
-attaches to the head of the femur
-reduces potential for abduction

27
Q

The Stifle Joint has ___ patellar ligaments and they are called __

A

Three:
-medial patellar ligament
-intermediate patellar ligament
-lateral patellar ligament

28
Q

Which ligament connects the patella to the femur

A

Femoropatellar ligament

29
Q

The ___ patellar ligament is involved in the Stay Apparatus

A

Medial

30
Q

Label the following

A

A. Lateral Femoropatellar Ligament
B. Medial Femoropatellar Ligament
C. Lateral Patellar Ligament
D. Intermediate Patellar Ligament
E. Medial Patellar Ligament

31
Q

Label the following

A
  1. Medial femoral condyle
  2. Lateral femoral condyle
  3. Caudal cruciate ligament
  4. Medial collateral ligament
  5. Medial meniscus
  6. Craniomedial meniscotibial ligament
  7. Lateral collateral ligament
  8. Lateral meniscus
  9. Cranial cruciate ligament
  10. Craniolateral meinscotibial ligament
32
Q

3 compartments of the stifle joint

A

-femoropatellar joint
-medial femorotibial joint
-lateral femorotibial joint

33
Q

Most communication in the stifle joint occurs between the

A

Femoropatellar joint and medial femorotibial joint

34
Q

Label the following

A

A. Lateral Collateral Ligament
B. Lateral Meniscus
C. Caudolateral Meinscotibial Ligament
D. Meniscofemoral Ligament
E. Medial Meniscus
F. Caudal Cruciate Ligament

35
Q

The tarsus (hock joint) is a ___ joint of ___ articulations

A

Compound joint; four articulations

36
Q

Majority of movement in the hockey joint occurs in the

A

Tarsocrural (tibiotarsal) joint

37
Q

Four articulations of the hock joint are

A

-tarsocrural (tibiotarsal) joint
-proximal intertarsal (mediotarsal) joint
-distal intertarsal (centrodistal) joint
-tarsometatarsal joint

38
Q

The three extensor retinaculums of the hock joint are

A

-proximal (tibial) extensor retinaculum
-intermediate (tarsal) extensor retinaculum
-distal (metatarsal) extensor retinaculum

39
Q

Extensor retinaculums form

A

Multiple bands of deep fascia covering extensor tendons

40
Q

The flexor retinaculum forms

A

The outer wall (plantaromedial) of the tarsal canal/sheath

41
Q

Ligaments of the hock

A

-lateral and medial collateral ligaments
-long lateral collateral ligament
-short lateral collateral ligament

42
Q

The long plantar ligament is located on

A

The plantarolateral surface of the joint capsule

43
Q

Joints of the manus and pes include

A

-fetlock joint (metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal)
-pastern joint (proximal interphalangeal)
-coffin joint (distal interphalangeal)

44
Q

“Windgalls” or “windpuffs” is

A

Distension of the palmar pouch

45
Q

MCJP and MTPJ stand for

A

Metacarpophalangeal joint and Metatarsophalangeal joint

46
Q

The fetlock joint (3)

A

-involves metacarpal 3, first phalanx (P1), and proximal sesamoid bones
-joint capsule is large and loose (large range of movement)
-dorsal and palmar pouches/components

47
Q

Collateral ligaments of metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints

A

-medial and lateral collateral ligaments
-superficial (dorsal) layer
-deep (palmar) layer

48
Q

Superficial layer of the medial/lateral collateral ligaments of metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints

A

-dorsal part
-from proximal abaxial condylar fossa
-to proximolateral/medial aspect of P1

49
Q

The collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints restrict

A

Movement to the sagittal plane

50
Q

The deep layer of the medial/lateral collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints

A

-palmar part
-from abaxial condylar fossa
-to P1 and proximal sesamoid bone

51
Q

The intersesamoidean ligament (proximal scutum) is between

A

Proximal sesamoid bones

52
Q

The lateral/medial collateral sesamoidean ligament of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints origin/insertion

A

O: proximal sesamoid bones
I: MC/MT 3 and P1

53
Q

The four distal sesamoidean ligaments

A

-straight sesamoidean ligament
-oblique sesamoidean ligaments (lateral and medial)
-cruciate sesamoidean ligaments (lateral and medial)
-short sesamoidean ligaments (lateral and medial)

54
Q

Straight sesamoidean ligament (2)

A

-distal sesamoidean ligament of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints
-inserts on proximal part of P2

55
Q

Oblique sesamoidean ligaments (4)

A

-distal sesamoidean ligament of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints
-lateral and medial
-deep to the straight sesamoidean ligament
-inserts on palmarodistal aspect of P1

56
Q

Cruciate sesamoidean ligaments (4)

A

-distal sesamoidean ligament of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints
-lateral and medial
-deep to oblique sesamoidean ligaments
-crosses palmar surface of P1

57
Q

Short sesamoidean ligaments (4)

A

-distal sesamoidean ligament of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints
-lateral and medial
-deep to cruciate sesamoidean ligaments
-inserts close to articular surface of P1

58
Q

The proximal interphalangeal joint is also called

A

Pastern joint

59
Q

The dorsal pouch of the pastern joint is

A

At the level where the extensor branches of the suspensory ligament meet with the common digital extensor tendon

60
Q

The proximal interphalangeal joint (pastern joint) has a ___ compared to the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints

A

Limited range of motion

61
Q

Ligaments of the pastern joint (2)

A

-lateral/medial collateral ligaments
-paired axial and abaxial palmar ligaments

62
Q

The paired axial and abaxial palmar ligaments of the pastern joint (3)

A

-O: palmar surface of P1
-I: fibrocartilage (middle scutum) of P2)
-prevents over extension of the joint along with straight sesamoidean ligament

VETS1021: Locomotion (Horse) (8 decks)

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