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VETS1021: Locomotion (Horse) > Front Limbs > Flashcards

Front Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Horse limbs are fixed in

A

Pronation

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2
Q

Rotators, abductors, and adductors in the horse are

A

Reduced or absent

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3
Q

Muscles of horse limbs developed for movement in the

A

Craniocaudal (sagittal) plane

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4
Q

LATERAL shoulder muscles include (4)

A

-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-deltoideus
-teres minor

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5
Q

What two lateral shoulder muscles insert at the deltoid tuberosity

A

-deltoideus
-teres minor

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6
Q

Supraspinatus (origin, insertion, and function)

A

O: supraspinatus fossa/cartilage/spine
I: cranial parts of both the greater and lesser tubercle
F: stabilizes and extends shoulder

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7
Q

Deltoideus (origin, insertion, and function)

A

O: scapular spine and caudal scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
F: flexes shoulder

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8
Q

What muscle is located on the caudal aspect of the scapula spine

A

Infraspinatus

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9
Q

Teres minor (origin, insertion, and function)

A

O: distal half caudal border of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
F: flexes shoulder

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10
Q

Infraspinatus (origin, insertion, and function)

A

O: infraspinatus fossa/cartilage/spine
I: deep and superficial insertions to caudal part of greater tubercle
F: flexes shoulder and functions as a contractile lateral collateral ligament

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11
Q

Which two muscles stabilize the shoulder joint

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

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12
Q

Which shoulder muscle has a synovial bursa? Where is it located?

A

Infraspinatus; under superficial tendon

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13
Q

Subscapularis muscle is a muscle of the

A

MEDIAL shoulder

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14
Q

Subscapularis (origin, insertion, and function)

A

O: sub-scapular fossa
I: lesser tuberosity of humerus
F: extends and stabilizes shoulder

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15
Q

Two caudal muscles of the brachium are

A

-Triceps Brachii (lateral, long, and medial heads)
-Biceps Brachii

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16
Q

What nerve innervates the triceps brachii muscle

A

Radial nerve

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17
Q

Triceps Brachii (origin, insertion, and function)

A

O: caudal scapula
I: olecranon
F: extends elbow

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18
Q

What are the heads of the triceps brachii

A

-lateral
-long
-medial

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19
Q

Biceps brachii (origin, insertion, and function)

A

O: scapular tuberosity
I: radial tuberosity/medial elbow joint/extensor carpi radialis tendon/forearm fascia
F: flexes elbow

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20
Q

The tendon of origin for Biceps Brachii is (3)

A

-flat
-broad
-fibrocartilagenous

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21
Q

Lacterus Fibrosus (3)

A

-part of Stay Apparatus in forelimb
-biceps Brachii
-connects to extensor carpi radialis

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22
Q

The biceps brachii has a large ___ that passes over ___

A

Bicipital Bursa; the intermediate tubercle of the humerus

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23
Q

Synovial structures of the shoulder joint (scapulohumeral joint)

A

-bicipital bursa (no communication with the shoulder joint)
-infraspinatus bursa

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24
Q

Collateral ligaments of the shoulder joint

A

-technically none
-the Subscapularis, supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles act as contractile collateral ligaments

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25
Q

The suprascapular nerve innervates

A

-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus

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26
Q

The scapulohumeral joint is also called the

A

Shoulder joint

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27
Q

The Subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus act as ___ on the ___

A

Collateral ligaments; shoulder joint

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28
Q

Extensors of the carpus/digits (4)

A

-extensor carpi radialis
-common digital extensor
-lateral digital extensor
-extensor carpi obliquus

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29
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis (origin, insertion, and function)

A

O: lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus and radial fossa
I: metacarpal tuberosity (MC3)
F: extends carpus

30
Q

Which muscle is lateral to the extensor carpi radialis

A

Common digital extensor

31
Q

Common Digital Extensor (origin, insertion, and function)

A

O: 3 heads (radial, humeral, and ulnar)
I: extensor process of P3
F: extends carpus and digits

32
Q

The common digital extensor is connected to the ___ via ___ at the level of the ___

A

Suspensory ligament; extensor branches; fetlock

33
Q

Lateral Digital Extensor (origin, insertion)

A

O: proximal radius and ulna
I: on P1 (long pastern bone)

34
Q

Which muscle crosses the carpus

A

Extensor Carpi Obliquus

35
Q

Extensor Carpi Obliquus (origin, insertion)

A

O: distolateral cranial radius
I: dorsomedially on proximal MC2 (splint bone)

36
Q

Which side is the horse’s chestnut on?

A

Medial

37
Q

Which extensor muscles of the carpus/digits have a tendon sheath?

A

-extensor carpi radialis
-common digital extensor
-lateral digital extensor

38
Q

What are the flexors of the carpus/digits (5)

A

-ulnaris lateralis
-flexor carpi radialis
-flexor carpi ulnaris
-superficial digital flexor
-deep digital flexor

39
Q

Which splint bone is lateral, which is medial?

A

Lateral Splint Bone = MC4
Medial Splint Bone = MC2

40
Q

Ulnaris Lateralis (origin, insertion, and function)

A

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: accessory carpal bone and proximal lateral splint bone (MC4)
F: flexes carpus

41
Q

Which muscle is next to the radius?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

42
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis (origin, insertion)

A

O: medial humeral epicondyle
I: proximal medial splint bone (MC2)

43
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (origin, insertion)

A

O: medial epicondyle (humeral head) and medial olecranon (ulnar head)
I: accessory carpal bone

44
Q

Two heads of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

-humeral
-ulnar

45
Q

Superficial Digital Flexor (origin, insertion)

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: distal P1 and proximal P2

46
Q

The manica flexoria

A

SDFT forms a sleeve around the DDF at the level of the fetlock joint

47
Q

The accessory ligament of the SDFT is called ___ and originates from

A

Superior check ligament; radius

48
Q

The accessory ligament of the DDFT is called ___ and originates at

A

Inferior Check Ligament; distal palmar carpal ligament

49
Q

The navicular bursa is a ___ structure and located ___

A

Synovial structure; located between the DDFT and navicular bone

50
Q

Deep Digital Flexor (origin, insertion)

A

O: three heads (humeral, ulnar, and radial)
I: P3 (ie. coffin bone)

51
Q

Suspensory Ligament (origin, insertion, and function)

A

O: 60% from the proximocaudal MC3 and 30% from palmar carpal ligament
I: proximal sesamoid bones
F: counteracts overextension of the fetlock joint

52
Q

The Third Interosseous muscle is also called ___ and contains ___

A

Suspensory Ligament; little muscular tissue

53
Q

The suspensory ligament divides into ___ and their O/I is

A

-extensor branches (lateral and medial)
O: Fr proximal sesamoid bones
I: join the common digital extensor tendon around proximal P1

54
Q

Three annular ligaments

A

-palmar annular ligament
-proximal digital annular ligament
-distal digital annular ligament

55
Q

The fluid surrounding the SDFT and DDFT is the

A

Carpal canal/sheath

56
Q

The radial nerve innervates

A

-triceps
-carpal and digital extensors

57
Q

A “dropped elbow” is usually caused by

A

Fractured olecranon or radial nerve damage

58
Q

The median nerve innervates

A

Flexors of the carpus and digits

59
Q

The main sensory nerve to the distal forelimb is the

A

Median nerve

60
Q

The median nerve joins with the

A

Musculocutaenous nerve

61
Q

The median nerve divides into the

A

Medial and lateral Palmar nerve

62
Q

Skin sensation of the lateral antebrachium is the

A

Lateral cutaneous antebrachial nerve

63
Q

Skin sensation of the caudal forearm is the

A

Caudal cutaneous antebrachial nerve

64
Q

Skin sensation of the lateral metacarpus is the

A

Dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve

65
Q

The ulnar nerve innervates

A

Flexors of the carpus and digits

66
Q

Main trunk arteries of the forelimb are

A

Auxiliary —> brachial —> median —> medial palmar

67
Q

The main blood supply to the lower limb and foot of the forelimb is the

A

Medial palmar artery

68
Q

The medial palmar artery runs

A

Medially between the SL and DDFT

69
Q

The medial palmar artery branches into

A

Medial and later palmar digital arteries

70
Q

The arteries below the fetlock are the

A

Medial and lateral palmar digital arteries

71
Q

The cephalic vein is

A

On the medial subcutaneous surface of the radius

VETS1021: Locomotion (Horse) (8 decks)

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