Hind Limbs Flashcards
The ___ runs on top of the patella
Tesoro fasciae latae
Muscles of the rump and cranial thigh include (2)
-tensor fasciae latae
-quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)
Four heads of the quadriceps femoris
-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-vastus medialis
-vastus intermedius
Quadriceps femoris (2)
-shorter and fatter than dog
-not needed during rest when patella is locked
Hamstrings are similar to the dog but
With vertebral attachments/origins
Muscles of the caudal thigh include (2)
-hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
-gluteofemoralis
Biceps femoris is part of ___ and has ___
Hamstrings; a cranial and caudal head
Hamstring muscles include
-biceps femoris
-semitendinosus
-semimembranosus
Gluteofemoralis muscle insertion
Lateral patellar ligament
Biceps femoris insertion
Tibia, crural fascia via tarsal tendon on calcaneus
Fibrotic myopathy is
Mechanical lameness
Insertion of semitendinosus muscle
Cranial borer of tibia, crural fascia via tarsal tendon on calcaneus
Patellar ligaments of the stifle joint
-medial patellar ligament
-intermediate patellar ligament
-lateral patellar ligament
The ___ attach menisci to the tibia
Meniscotibial ligaments
Ligaments that make up the stifle
-cruciate ligaments (caudal and cranial)
-collateral ligaments (medial and lateral)
-meniscotibial ligaments (craniomedial, craniolateral, caudomedial, caudolateral)
The lateral menisci has an additional ___ called ___
Ligament; meniscofemoral ligament
The meniscofemoral ligament
Attaches the lateral meniscus to the femur
The horse cannot
Independently flex the hock
Flexion/extension of the hock are locked in parallel with the ___ via the ___
Stifle; reciprocal apparatus
Dorsolateral muscles of the crus include (4)
-long digital extensor
-lateral digital extensor
-peroneus tertius
-tibialis cranialis
The long digital extensor is called ____ in the front limbs
Common digital extensor
Long Digital Extensor (origin/insertion)
O: lateral condyle of the femur
I: extensor process of distal phalanx (P1), secondarily on proximal and middle phalanges (P2 and P3)
Which two muscle originate on the lateral condyle of the femur
-long digital extensor
-peroneus tertius
What four muscles make up the Common Calcaneal Tendon
-Gastrocnemius (lateral and medial head)
-Superficidal Digital Flexor
-Biceps femoris
-Semitendinosus
The common digital extensor is called ____ in the hind limb
Long Digital Extensor
Lateral Digital Extensor (origin/insertion)
O: lateral collateral ligament of the stifle and near the tibia/fibula
I: joint on long extensor tendon
Peroneus Tertius (origin/insertion)
O: lateral condyle of the femur
I: 4 branches on all tarsal bones (except T1 and T2) and on MT3
Peroneus tertius muscle is part of the
Reciprocal apparatus
Tibialis cranialis (origin/insertion)
O: lateral condyle and tuberosity of tibia
I: dorsal branches on T3 and proximal end of MT3, medial branch on T1 and T2
What forms multiple bands of deep fascia covering extensor tendons?
Extensor retinaculums
Extensor retinaculums of the hock joint
-proximal (tibial) extensor retinaculum
-intermediate (tarsal) extensor retinaculum
-distal (metatarsal) extensor retinaculum
What is used for palpation for injection of the distal intertarsal joint
Cunean tendon
Flexor muscles of the crus include (7)
-lateral digital flexor
-tibialis caudalis
-superficial digital flexor
-medial digital flexor
-deep digital flexor
-popliteus
-soleus
Lateral Digital Flexor (origin/insertion)
O: caudal surface of tibia with tibialis caudalis
I: P3 (coffin bone)
Tibialis Caudalis (origin/insertion)
O: caudal surface of tibia with lateral digital flexor
I: P3 (coffin bone)
Medial Digital Flexor v
O: lateral tibial condyle
I: P3 (coffin bone)
The lateral digital flexor, tibialis caudalis, and medial digital flexor (4)
-extend hock
-flex digits
-tendons combine to pass over the sustentaculum tail
-join with the DDFT in metatarsus
What muscle is under the lateral collateral ligament of the stifle
Popliteus
Popliteus (origin/insertion)
O: lateral condyle of femur
I: caudomedial border of the tibia
Soleus (origin/insertion)
O: proximal end of fibula
I: proximal to the calcaneal tendon
Superficial Digital Flexor (origin/insertion)
O: supracondylar fossa of the femur
I: calcaneal insertions, P1 and P2
Gastrocnemius (origin/insertion)
O: medial and lateral heads, supracondylar tuberosities of the femur
I: calcaneal tuber
The calcaneal bursa is between
Bone and tendon
Three calcaneal bursae
-intertendinous calcaneal bursa
-gastrocnemius calcaneal bursa
-subcutaneous calcaneal bursa
The subcutaneous calcaneal bursa is located
Between the skin and SDFT
Which calcaneal bursa(e) are present at birth
Intertendinous and gastrocnemius
The intertendinous and gastrocnemius calcaneal bursae communicate
Laterally
Which bursa is acquired (ie. not present at birth)
Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa
Calcaneal bursa infection is also called
Sepsis
Deep plantar metatarsal fascia (3)
-in the hindlimb only
-between the two splint bones
-limits swelling
Which artery is palpable in the hindlimb
Dorsal metatarsal artery
Major arterial blood supply in hindlimb
External iliac —> femoral —> popliteal —> cranial tibial —> dorsal pedal —> dorsal metatarsal —> distal perforating branch —> digital
Main vein in the hindlimb is
Medial saphenous
Nerves that supply the hindlimb arise from the
Lumbosacral plexus
Motor nerves of the hindlimb include (7)
-sciatic
-femoral
-obturator
-cranial gluteal
-caudal gluteal
-common peroneal
-tibial
The sciatic nerve divides into
-common peroneal nerve
-tibial nerve
The common peroneal nerve divides into
-superficial branch
-deep branch
The tibial nerve divides into
-medial plantar
-lateral plantar
The deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve is in close proximity to the
Suspensory ligament
In the hindlimb, digital vessels have
More collateral circulation than in the forelimb
The forelimb does NOT have ____ nerves
Dorsal digital nerves
