the family: beyond attachment Flashcards
dimensions of parenting
- expressed affection
- involvement
- conflict
- control
- monitoring
- teaching
security
Baumrind 4 dimensions of parenting
- control
- nurturance
- clarity of communication
- maturity demands
parenting scale
high to low responsiveness
high to low demandingness
parenting styles
authoritative
permissive
authoritarian
neglectful
authoritarian
- high control
- high demands
- orders should be obeyed
- low nurturing and responsiveness
- associated with children with low levels of independence and social responsibility
permissive
- high love and affection
- less control
- children are less mature and lack impulse control
authoritative
- good warmth but also good boundaries and demands
- competent and socially responsible children
neglectful
neglectful
low levels of social competence
Dornbusch questionnaire parenting scale
teenagers answered LARGE SAMPLE
authoritarian parenting: parents tell youth not to argue with or question adults
permissive parenting: hard work in school is not important to parents - no rule concerning TV
authoritative parenting:
everyone should help with decisions in the family; parents tell the youths to look at both sides of issues
top third of one index = that type of parent
top third of more than one = mixed parent
Dornbusch questionnaire findings
how the parent types related to the child’s GPA
- IN ALL CASES PURE AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING = HIGHEST GPA (however weakest significance) - being female was a more significant predictor of GPA
- ALL INDICES = LOWEST
beyond school performance review paper
authoritative parenting results in
- fewer behaviour problems
- better adaptive behaviours
- less depression
- more life satisfaction
- less substance abuse
cross cultural difference
- western samples
- found that this styles are still prevalent
- however, different cultures favour different outcomes and behaviours
- so the most favourable style here is not necessarily the most favourable elsewhere
e.g .families may be seeking obedience - all compared to india which is also seeing a cultural shift from authoritative to authoritarian
- within countries may find differences too:
within culture differences
chinese-american = more likely to be authoritarian
even more so in higher economic disadvantaged areas
even neighbourhoods have an effect
cross cultural ideal parent
english and french:
- loving, patient, listening, present
Africa and Asia:
- responsible, demeanour focused, family-focused
a lot of variation within countries though e.g. parental education level had a big influence
current persepctives
- shift towards parenting in terms of dimensions rather than global styles
- domain-specific models - parenting is multifaceted and situationally determined
- big emphasis on child-driven processes - child’s role
- greater emphasis on how different cultures interpret behaviours differently - preferential vs no
