cyber bullying and deviant peer relas Flashcards
forms of cyber bullying
- direct or indirect
- anonymous
- speed and spread much greater, forwarding etc
- more sexual content
- less adult supervision
- less energy and courage needed
-24/7 - no refuge
prevalence of cyber bullying
estimates from 3 to 50% of young people experienced cyber bullying
big numbers because of definitional inconsistencies:
- time scales?
- cut off points?
- threshold values?
but also studied in isolation from traditional bullying - doesn’t have to follow all the criteria
when use the criteria for normal bullying - numbers drop
traditional vs cyber bullying
when use the criteria for normal bullying - numbers drop
more normal
- both cyber and verbal bullying has been fairly stable over the years - no increasing threat
is there overlap between cyber and traditional bullying?
- studies show that 50-90% of cyber bulling victims also experience traditional bullying
- another study of those who reported being bullied - only 1% only experience cyber bullying
cyber bullying and outcomes
looked at:
- not involved
- cyberbullying
- bullying
- bullying and cyberbullying
bullies and victims combined
cyberbullying is worse overall for outcomes compared to traditional bullying
combination of both is overwhelmingly the worst
friendships
- dyadic relationship between children - reciprocated
- voluntary
- intimate - shared interests, affectionate
- stable
- different from other dyadic relationships e.g. parent-child - horizontal, equal
consequences of poor peer relationships
- poorer mental health and wellbeing
- best friend can act as a buffer against negative impact of bullying on well being
- poorer adjustment and social competence
- poorer academic achievement
homophily
the tendency of like-minded individuals to be attracted to one another
selection: affiliate with peers who are similar on behavioural and physical levels
socialisation: process of influence or contagion amongst peers –> become more like each other
deviancy training
- a pattern of interactions between deviant peers in which aggressive behaviour and /or discussion of rule breaking is contingently reinforced e.g. with laughter
deviancy training evidence
boys: success of aggressive responses to peer conflict predicted future aggression with peers
aggressive pre-schoolers prefer to play with one another - later increases aggressive behaviour
- aggressive children clump together into increasingly aggressive groups
aggressive behaviour in the peer group
- aggressive children not accepted by peer group
- only other children rejected are also rejected - only experience interaction with them > limited opportunities to acquire normal social skills and positive peer interactions
- peer rejection at 5 predicts conduct disorders at 10
childhood to adolescense
early childhood = defiance and poor self regulation
–> rejected by peers and gain aggressive friends
middle childhood = reactive and proactive antisocial behaviour
–> school failure more deviant peers
adolescence = drug use, misconduct, criminality
deviance training: adolescence
- increases in weapon carrying when associated with peers who carry weapons
- drifting into a deviant peer group = core component for going from antisocial behaviour to serious violence
friendships with positive opinions on deviance predicted growth in delinquency
study deviant talk and antisocial behaviour
- content of conversations between friends reflected behavioural profile - early onset aggressive child = more aggressive content in conversations
blackberry deviant talk and anti social behaviour study
- each phone tracked convos over text
- 60% engaged in some kind of antisocial content
- those who spoke about antisocial behaviour more where known to take part in this behaviour more by teachers
