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Asia > The Fall of South Vietnam > Flashcards

The Fall of South Vietnam Flashcards

1
Q

When was the fall of South Vietnam?

A

1975- almost 3 years after the US had withdrawn most of its combat troops

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2
Q

By early 1972, what fraction of US servicemen had Vietnamisation removed?

A

More than 2/3

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3
Q

How many US personal remained in country?

A

Fewer than 135,000

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4
Q

How many men were in the AVRN and other military branches?

A

More than 1 million

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5
Q

What had brought an end to fighting?

A

The January 1973 Paris Peace Accords

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6
Q

Why had the 1973 Paris Peace Accords stopped fighting?

A

US promised to stop bombing if the North recognised the government of South Vietnam

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7
Q

What would failure to follow the Peace Accords?

A

US resuming bombing campaign on the North

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8
Q

How did Nixon convince Thieu to agree to the peace treaty?

A

Promising the resumption of US bombing if NV breached the agreement and resumed hostilities

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9
Q

What event in January 1973 made it unlikely that the US would resume bombing?

A

Massive stock market crash that lasted for 2 years

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10
Q

What did Congress pass in June 1973?

A

Case-Church Amendment

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11
Q

What did the Case Church Amendment prohibit?

A

US military action in south east Asia after August 1973

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12
Q

What did Congress pass in July 1973?

A

The War Powers Resolution

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13
Q

What did the War Powers Resolution limit?

A

The president’s ability to deploy the military without a congressional declaration of war

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14
Q

What happened in October 1973?

A

An oil embargo by Arab states that caused oil prices to more than double

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15
Q

What did the oil embargo increase?

A

The cost of military transport

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16
Q

What was the feeling of the South Vietnamese in 1973?

A

Abandonment by the USA who had informed the NV violations of the accords

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17
Q

What opened divisions and lowered morale in the AVRN?

A

Smaller VC operations and sabotage continuing

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18
Q

What did the North prepare itself for through 1974?

A

A final invasion of South Vietnam

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19
Q

When and why did Nixon resign?

A

August 1974

Watergate scandal

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20
Q

Who was Nixon’s successor?

A

Ford

21
Q

What did General Ford go to congress seeking?

A

$1.45 billion in aid for SV

22
Q

How much did Congress give Ford?

A

$700 million

23
Q

When did Hanoi test the new president’s strength?

A

December 1974

24
Q

How did Hanoi test Ford’s strength?

A

Launching an attack in Phuoc Long province- clear violation of the Paris treaty

25
Q

What did Ford do in response to the attack in Phuoc Long? What could the North now do?

A

Protested but took no military action

North free to invade the south

26
Q

On January 1st 1975, how far had NV troops advanced?

A

Within 75 miles of Saigon

27
Q

Why had Saigon escaped major action and damage?

A

It was so far south

28
Q

When did the final North Vietnamese offensive begin?

A

March 10th 1975

29
Q

What did Hanoi’s military leadership anticipate?

A

That the reunification of Vietnam would be a long and bitter struggle

30
Q

What was Hanoi struck by when their offensive began?

A

A rapid collapse of South Vietnam’s military resistance

31
Q

Why did the AVRN scatter, flee or were quickly captured?

A

They were without US air support

32
Q

How long did it take for Saigon to surrender two more northern provinces?

A

A week

33
Q

By when had the major cities of Hue and Da Nang been captured?

A

The end of March 1975

34
Q

How many AVRN had been taken prisoner by the end of March 1975?

A

Over 100,000

35
Q

What happened over the next 3 weeks after Hue and Da Nang had been captured?

A

Several divisions of NVA and VC moved south towards Saigon

36
Q

When did Thieu resign? What did he say?

A

April 21st 1975
“The US has not respected its promises. It is in inhumane. It is untrustworthy. It is irresponsible… you ran away and left us to do the job that you could not do”

37
Q

Why did the North have no reason to negotiate?

A

Thieu fled to Taiwan

38
Q

What happened in April 1975?

A

The first rockets in nearly ten years landed on Saigon

39
Q

Why was evacuation of staff from the US Embassy difficult?

A

The city had no defence against the rockets
It could only be done using helicopters
The garden of the embassy made the landing nearly impossible

40
Q

Why was landing of helicopters nearly impossible?

A

Helipad on food if embassy could only accommodate small helicopters such as Huey

41
Q

By when was Saigon surrounded and under fire from North Vietnamese rockets?

A

April 27th 1975

42
Q

Why were the AVRN troops in Saigon uneffective?

A

Lacked orders and effective leadership

43
Q

When did Operation Frequent Wind begin?

A

30th April 1975

44
Q

What was Operation Frequent Wind?

A

The evacuation by helicopter of several thousand US and South Vietnamese military, diplomatic and civilian personnel

45
Q

What guarded the US embassy?

A

A few marines

46
Q

Why did thousands of Saigon residents rush the US embassy?

A

They feared a communist massacre

47
Q

By when did the NVA and Vietcong control Saigon?

A

Midday on 30th April 1975

48
Q

Who was Thieu’s successor as president?

A

Duong Van Minh

49
Q

What is Saigon now called?

A

Ho Chi Minh City

Asia (35 decks)

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