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Patient Assessment > The Eyes > Flashcards

The Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

20 200 vision

A

Person is legally blind in US. Means that at 20 feet patient can read print that a person with normal visison could read at 200 feet, the larger the second number, the worse the vision

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2
Q

Myopia

A

impaired far vision

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3
Q

Presbyopia

A

impaired near vision; usually middle/old aged. they see better further away

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4
Q

Horizontal defect

A

Occlusion of a branch of the central retinal artery thay may cause a horizontal, altitudinal defect. Ischemia of the optic nerve also produce a similiar effect.

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5
Q

Blind right eye

A

A lesion of the optic nerve, and of course of the eye itself; produces unilateral blindness

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6
Q

Bitemporal Hemianopsia

A

A lesion at the optic chiasm may involve only fibers crossing over to the opposite side. Since these fibers originate in the nasal half of the retina, visual loss involves the temporal half of each field

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7
Q

Left homonymous Hemianopsia

A

A lesion of the optic tract interrups fibers originating on the same side of both eyes. Visual loss in the eyes is therefore similar; homonymous and invovles half of each field; hemianopsoa

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8
Q

Homonymous Left superior quandrantic defect; right optic radiation, partial

A

A partial lesion of the optic radiation in the temporal lobe may involve only a portion of the nerve fibers, producing, for example, a homonymous quandrantic defect.

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9
Q

Left homonymous hemianopsia

A

A complete interruption of fibers in the optic radiation produces a visual defect similiar to that produced by a lesion of the optic tract.

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10
Q

Left Temporal hemangioma

A

When patient’s left eye repeatedly down not see your fingers crossed until they have crossed the line of gaze.

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11
Q

Enlarged blind spot

A

Occurs in conditions affecting the optic nerve such as glaucoma, optic neuritis, and papilledema.

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12
Q

Graves disease or ocular tremors

A

Inward or outward deviation of the eyes; abnormal protrusion

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13
Q

Down syndrome

A

upstarting palpebral fissures

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14
Q

Blepharitis

A

Red inflamed lid margins, often with crusting

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15
Q

conjuctival inflammation

A

excessive tearing due to increased production

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16
Q

ectropion

A

margin of lower lid is turned outward, exposing palpebral conjuctiva and leads to impaired drainage of tears

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17
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow sclera

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18
Q

Nodular episcleritis

A

local redness, often self-limiting in younger adults; seen in RA and SLE

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19
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Lateral sparseness in eyebrow

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20
Q

Narrow angle glaucoma

A

occasionally the iris bows abnormally far forward forming a very narrow angle with the cornea; a sudden increase in intraocular pressure when drainage of the aqueous humor is blocked

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21
Q

Open angle glaucoma

A

the common form, the normal spatial relation between iris and cornea is preserved and the iris is fully lit

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22
Q

Miosis

A

constriction of pupils

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23
Q

mydriasis

A

dilation

24
Q

Nasal deviation of the eye

A

temporal ocular alignment

25
Q

Sustained nystagmus within the binocular field of gaze

A

seen with various neurologic conditions

26
Q

Paralysis of CN VI

A

Eyes are conjugate in right lateral gaze not not in the left lateral gaze

27
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

poor convergence

28
Q

Absence of red reflex

A

opacity of lens; cataract or possibly vitreous

29
Q

Artifical eye

A

no red reflex

30
Q

Macular degeneration

A

important cause of poor central vision in the elderly

31
Q

Vitreous floaters

A

seens as dark specks or stands between the fundus and the lens

32
Q

Cataracts

A

densities in the lens

33
Q

Ptosis

A

drooping of the upper lid

34
Q

Entropion

A

more common in elderly, is an inward turning of the lid margin

35
Q

Ectropion

A

The margin of the lower lid is turned outward, exposing the palpebral conjuctivia

36
Q

Lid retraction and exophthalmos

A

A wide-eyed state suggest retracted eyelids. In exophthalomos the eyeball protrudes forward. When bilateral suggest graves hyperthyroidism

37
Q

Pinguecula

A

a harmless yellowish triangular node in the bulbar conjuctiva on either side of iris

38
Q

Episcleritis

A

localized ocular redness from inflammation of episcleral vessels

39
Q

sty

A

a painful tender red infections in a gland at the margin of the eyelid

40
Q

chalazion

A

subacute nontender and usually painless nodule involving a meibomian gland.

41
Q

Xanthelasma

A

Slightly raised, yellowish, well-circumscribed plaques that appear along the nasal portions of one or both eyelids.

42
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

conjunctival infection: diffuse dilation of conjunctival vessels with redness that tends to be maximal peripherally. Significance in bacterial, viral, or other infections

43
Q

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

leakage of blood outside of vessels, producing a homogenous, sharply demarcated, red area. Significance: may result from trauma, bleeding disorder or a sudden increase in venous pressure

44
Q

Pterygium

A

A triangular thickening of the bulbar conjuctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea, usually from the nasal side.

45
Q

Papilledema

A

Venous statis leads to swelling of optic disc and anterior bulging of physiologic cup

46
Q

Glaucomatous cupping

A

Increased pressure within the eye leads to increased cupping and atrophy.

47
Q

Microaneurysms

A

Tiny, round, red spots see commonly but not exclusively in and around the macular area. They are minute dilations of very small retinal vessels, but the vascular connections are too small to be seen ophthalmoscopically. They arise from diabetic retinopathy but have other causes

48
Q

Neovascularization

A

Refers to the formation of new blood vessels. They are more numerous, more tortuous, and narrower than other blood vessels in the area and form disorderly looking red arcades. A common cause is the late, proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy. They vessels grwo into vitreous, where retinal detachment or hemorrahage may cause loss of vision

49
Q

Soft Exudates: Cotton-Wool Patches

A

Cotton-wool patches are white or greyish, ovoid lesions with irregular soft borders. They are moderate in size but usually smaller than the disc. They result from infarcted nerve fibers and are seen in hypertension and many other conditions.

50
Q

Arcus Senilis

A

Halo around periphery of iris; seen in pts with hyperlidemia

51
Q

Central Scotoma

A

optic disc or nerve problem; visual loss in central vision; patient may see bright light in central visual field

52
Q

peripheral visual field defects

A

along visual pathways from the optic chiasm and back; has central vision in tact but peripheral vision is blurry

53
Q

Retinal arteries

A

smaller; lighter red

54
Q

Retinal veins

A

larger; darker red

55
Q

Retinal arteries in hypertension

A

Changes in arteriovenous crossings- A-V nicking/tapering/banking

56
Q

Tonic Pupil

A

Pupil is large, regular, and usually unilateral. Reaction to light is severely reduced.

57
Q

Small Irregular Pupils

A

Seen in CNS syphilis

Patient Assessment (18 decks)

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