Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patient Assessment > Chapter 7 The Head and Neck > Flashcards

Chapter 7 The Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Fine hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Course hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lice

A

Tiny white granules may be eggs of lice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Seborraheic dermatitis (psoriasis)

A

redness and scaling; most common form in adults dandruff; in infants cradle crap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pilar cysts (wens)

A

soft lumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hydrocephalus

A

Enlarged skull may signify this; also called Paget’s disease of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trauma

A

tenderness or stepoffs are common after trauma (i.e. Gaby Lee Giffords)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acne

A

Common in adolescents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hirutism

A

excessive amounts of hair in women where men typically grow hair (face, chest, back)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alopecia Areata

A

Clearly demarcated round or oval pathes of hair loss, usually affecting young adults and children. There is no visible scaling or inflammation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Ringworm of scalp usually caused by fungal infection; round scaling pathes of alopecia (can mimic seborrheic dermatitis); hairs broken off close to surface of scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trichotillomania

A

Hair loss from pulling, plucking, or twisting hair.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cushings

A

Increased adrenal cortisol produces a round or “moon” face with red cheeks. Excessive hair growth may be present in the mustache and sideburn areas on the chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Face is edematous and often pale. Swelling usually appears around the eyes and in the morning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parkinson’s

A

Mask like face with characteristic stare (decreased facial mobility blunts expressions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tarditive dyskinesia

A

Involuntary movement and ticks; sometimes permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Psoriasis

A

silvery, scaly lesions, mainly on extensor surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vitiligo

A

depigmented macultes appear on face, hands, feet, and extensor surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cushing’s sydrome

A

Increased cortisol production of produces a round or “moon” face with red cheeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Face is edematous and often pale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Myxedema

A

Pt with severe hypothyroidism has a dull puffy face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Parotid gland enlargement

A

Chronic bilateral asymptomatic parotid gland enlargement may be associated with obesity, diabetes, cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Acromegaly

A

Increased growth hormone produces enlargment of both bone and soft tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

is drainage from the nose often associated with nasal congestion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

rhinitis medicamentosa

A

Excessive use of decongestants can worsen symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Acute bacterial sinusitis

A

Sx: pain bending forward, maxillary toothache, fever or local headache, (~80-90% of cases) appear after URI

28
Q

Nasal congestion limited to one side

A

Consider a deviated nasal septum, foreign body, or tumor

29
Q

Epitaxis

A

Bleeding from nose; Local causes include trauma (especially nose picking), in?ammation, drying and crusting of the nasal mucosa, tumors, and foreign bodies. Bleeding disorders may contribute to epistaxis (bleeding from the nose)

30
Q

Farsightedness

A

Difficulty with close work suggests hyperopia

31
Q

Presbyopia

A

aging vision

32
Q

Myopia

A

nearsightedness

33
Q

Unilateral visual loss is painless

A

consider vitreous hemorrhage from diabetes or trauma, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, retinal vein occlusion, or central retinal artery occlusion.

34
Q

Unilateral visual loss is painful

A

causes are usually in cornea and anterior chamber as in corneal ulcer, uveitis, traumatic hyphema, and acute glaucoma. Optic neuritis from multiple sclerosis may be painful.

35
Q

If bilateral AND painless

A

could be due to meds that change refraction (cholinergic, anticholinergics, and steroids)

36
Q

If bilateral AND painful

A

consider chemical/radiation exposures

37
Q

If bilateral visual loss is gradual

A

Usually arises from cataracts or macular degeneration

38
Q

Central visual loss

A

nuclear cataract, macular degeneration

39
Q

Peripheral loss

A

adv open-angle glaucoma

40
Q

One sided loss

A

hemianopsia and quadrantic defects

41
Q

Specks in vision

A

Moving specks suggests vitreous floaters, FIXED defects (scotomas) suggest lesions in the retina or visual pathways

42
Q

Flashing lights (new vitreous floaters)

A

suggest detachment of vitreous from retina

43
Q

Diploia (double vision)

A

may arise from a lesion in the brain stem or cerebellum, or from weakness or paralysis of one or more extra ocular muscles, as in horizontal diplopia from palsy of CN III or VI, or vertical diplopia of CN III or IV.

44
Q

Diplopia in one eye

A

with the other closed, suggests a problem in the cornea or lens

45
Q

Strep throat

A

Fever, pharyngeal exudates, and anterior lymphadenopathy, especially in absence of cough, suggest streptococcal pharyngitis

46
Q

Sore tongue

A

Aphthous ulcers is a sore smooth tongue of nutritional deficiency; Sore tongue may result from local lesions as well as systemic illness

47
Q

gingivitis

A

Bleeding from gums is a common symptom, esp. during teeth brushing

48
Q

Hoarseness

A

Overuse of voice and acute infections are the most likely causes. Chronic causes includes smoking, allergy, voice abuse, hypothyroidism, and chronic infections such as TB

49
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Accompaning sx: Enlarged tender lymph nodes

50
Q

Goiter

A

Thyroid function may be increased, decreased, or normal

51
Q

Thyroid function evaluation

A

Ask about temperature intolerace and sweating.

52
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Intolerance to cole, preference for warm clothing and many blankets and decreased sweating

53
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

The opposite sx: palpitations and involuntary weight loss

54
Q

Assymetric protrusion

A

suggests a lesions of CNXII

55
Q

Cancer of the tongue

A

second most common cancer of the mousth, second only to the lip. Any persistent nodule or ulcer, red or white, must be suspect Often occurs on side of tongue

56
Q

CN X paralysis

A

the soft palte fails to rise and the ulvula deviates to the opposite side

57
Q

Lymph nodes

A

tender nodes suggest inflammation; hard or fixed nodes suggest malignancy

58
Q

Diffuse lymphadeopathy

A

raises suspicision of HIV or AIDS

59
Q

Tracheal deviation

A

masses in neck may push trachea to one side; may signifiy important problems in thorax, such as mediastinal mass, atelectasis or a large pneumothroax

60
Q

Thyroid gland

A

soft in graves’ disease; firm in Hasmitoto’s thyroiditis, malignancy. Benign and malignant nodules tenderness in thyroiditis

61
Q

Exudative Tonsillitis

A

A characteristic red throat that has a white exudate on the tonsils. This togehr with fever and enlarge cervical nodes, increases the probability of group A streptococcal infection or infectious mononucleosis. Anterior cervical lymph nodes are usually enlarged in the formers, and posterior nodes in the latter.

62
Q

Hutchinson’s Teeth

A

Smaller and more widely spaced than normal and are notched on their biting surfaces. The sides of teeth taper toward the biting edges. The upper central incisors of the permanent (not the deciduous) teeth are most often affected. These teeth are a sign of congenital syphillis.

63
Q

Thrush on palate

A

A yeast infection due to Candida. Thick, white plaque are somewhat adherent to underlying mucosa

64
Q

Tracheal deviation

A

Masses in the neck may push the trachea to one side. May also signify problem in the thorax, such as a medastinal mass, atelectasis, or a large pneumothorax.

Patient Assessment (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions