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Histology > The Eye I > Flashcards

The Eye I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three tunics that comprise the eyeball?

A
  1. Fibrous tunic (outer tunic)
  2. vascular tunic (middle tunic)
  3. inner tunic
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2
Q

What two structures make up the fibrous tunic (outer tunic)?

A
  • sclera
  • cornea
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3
Q

What three structures make up the vascular tunic (middle tunic)?

A
  • choroid
  • ciliary body
  • iris
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4
Q

What structure makes up the inner tunic?

A

retina

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5
Q

Memorize the anatomy of the eyeball

A
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6
Q

What is the fovea centralis?

A

contains yellow pigment = macula lutea

contains only cone-type photoreceptors

area of most acute vision

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7
Q

What are the 3 tissues making up the sclera?

A
  1. episcleral layer (clear connective tissue just deep to conjunctiva)
  2. sclera proper (dense white tissue giving eyeball white color)
  3. lamina cribrosa (mesh like tissue that the optical nerves run through)
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8
Q

What is the limbus of the eye?

A

The limbus is the junction at which the sclera meets the cornea and is highly vascularized.

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9
Q

What are the 5 layers of the cornea?

A
  1. corneal epithelium
  2. Bowman’s membrane
  3. corneal stroma
  4. Descemet’s membrane
  5. corneal endothelium
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10
Q

Name the layers of the cornea in this picture and what type of cells are contained in each?

A
  • corneal epithelium: nonkeratinized stratified squamous(microvilli on outer surface)
  • Bowman’s membrane: type i collagen fibrils and lacks elastic fibers
  • stroma: type I and V collagen
  • Descemet’s membrane: type VII collagen
  • corneal endothelium: single layer of squamous epithelial cells
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11
Q

What 3 structures make up the uvea or the vascular (middle) tunic?

A
  1. choroid
  2. ciliary body
  3. iris
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12
Q

What are the three layers of the choroid?

A
  1. Bruch’s membrane
  2. choriocapillaris
  3. choroidal stroma
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13
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body of the vascular (middle) tunic?

A

The ciliary process contains smooth muscle called the ciliary muscle that contracts to reduce the length of the circular suspensory ligaments of the lens.

Epithelial of ciliary process secrete aqueous humor

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14
Q

What are the three cavities of the eye?

A
  1. anterior
  2. posterior
  3. vitreous cavity
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15
Q

What is the flow of the vitreous humor?

A
  • Produced by epithelium of ciliary processes
  • flows through posterior chamber to anterior chamber
  • drains through meshwork trabeculae and into the Canal of Schlemm
  • The canal of schlemm then drains into the episcleral veins

* vitreous humor is being produced at about the same rate it is being drained.

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16
Q

What occurs when there is obstruction of aqueous humor drainage?

A

When there is an obstruction to aqueous humor drainage it causes a buildup in intraocular pressure. This is called glaucoma.

17
Q

What is accommodation?

A

Accommodation is the flattening of the lens when looking at a distant object to focus the light on the retina and rounding of the lens when looking at an object up close

18
Q

What type of accommodation occurs when the ciliary muscle contracts?

A

when the ciliary muscle contracts theciliary body gets closer to the lens, releasing some of the tension in the suspensory ligaments and the elastic capsule of the lens acquires a spherical shape. This accommodations close vision.

19
Q

What type of accommodation occurs when the ciliary muscles relax?

A

When the ciliary muscles relax the ciliary processes back away from the lens and suspensory ligaments gain tension. The suspensory ligaments also pulls the lens making it more flat. This accommodates for distant vision.

20
Q

What myopia? what type of lens is used to correct this condition?

A

Also called nearsightedness. When the eyeball is too deep and the image of distant object forms in plane in front of retina. A diverging lens corrects nearsightedness.

21
Q

What is hyperopia? and what type of lens is it corrected by?

A

Also called far-sightedness. When the eyeball is too shallow and the image is formed for a plane beyond the retina. This is corrected by a converging lens.

22
Q

What byopia?

A

Byopia is when the lens ages, loses its elasticity causing the patient to become farsighted.

23
Q

How many layers of epithelium are there in the iris, and what are they made up of?

A

The iris is made up of 2 layers of epithelium

  1. inner layer= pigmented epithelial cells
  2. outer layer =
    • radially oriented myofilaments sympathetically innervated
    • concentric layer (sphincter like) of myofilaments parasympathetically innervated
24
Q

What is the optic disk of the retina?

A

The optic disc is region on posterior aspect of eye where the optic nerve extis and has not photosensitive retina and constitutes the blind spot

Histology (6 decks)

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