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Histology > Nervous Tissue II > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue II Flashcards

1
Q

What are microglial cells?

A

supporting cells tha trecruit leukocytes across ht eblood-brain barrier, modultae initiation and progression of immune response along with astrocytes

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2
Q

What are schwann cells derived from?

A

schwann cells are derived from the neural crest cells

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3
Q

What are Schwann Cells?

A

Schwann cells myelinate sections of a single axon in the PNS

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4
Q

What is the process of myelination in the PNS by Schwann cells?

A

-plasma membrane wraps around axon -cytoplasm is “squeezed” out leaving behind concentric layers of membranes

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5
Q

What is the major dense line in the schwann cell?

A

The major dense line is the apposition of the inner leaflets of the plasma membrane because the cytoplasm was “squeezed” out of the schwanna cell.

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6
Q

What are heterotypic junctions?

A

heterotypic junctions are junctions between two different cells

example: between axolemma and the Schwann cell paranodal cytoplasmic loops

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7
Q

What are autotypic junctions?

A

junctions between membranes of same cell

example: linkage of schwann cells to incisures of Schmidt-Lanterman

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8
Q

What are proteolipid proteins?

A

Proteolipid proteins

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9
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Supporting glial cells that are only found in the CNS. They surround axons of unmyelinated fibers in gray matter.

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10
Q

What are the 5 types of glial cells?

A

* astrocytes * oligodendrocytes * schwann cells * microglial cells * ependymal cells

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11
Q

From what tissue type are glial cells derived from?

A

embryonic crest tissue (except microglia)

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12
Q

Where are astrocytes found?

A

Astrocytes are found only in CNS

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13
Q

What are the 2 different types of astrocytes?

A

* fibrous astrocytes * protoplasmic astrocytes

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14
Q

Where are fibrous astrocytes found?

A

fibrous astrocytes are found in white matter and have long processes with few branches in comparison to protoplasmic astrocytes.

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15
Q

Where are protoplasmic astrocytes found?

A

Found in gray matter; have shorter processes with many short branches in comparison to fibrous astrocytes.

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16
Q

what are the functions of astrocytes?

A

* regulate (composition) what goes into intercellular environment * structural support * blood-brain barrier * development of cerebral cortex * potassium sink * secretion of neuron trophic factors * uptake/ metabolism of NT * form noncollagenous scar tissue

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17
Q

What type of glial cell has “feet”?

A

Astrocytes seen in the CNS have end-feet that form the glia limitans in brain

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18
Q

What structures of the CNS do astrocytes cover?

A
  • *cell bodies and dendrites of neurons
  • pia mater
  • every blood vessel in CNS
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19
Q

What embryonic developmental tissue do oligodendrocytes arise from?

A

derived from neural crest cells

20
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes found – PNS or CNS?

A

CNS

21
Q

What are the functions of oligodendrocytes?

A
  • surroung axons of unmyelinated fibers in gray matter in CNS
  • each cell myelinates several axons.
22
Q

What embryonic tissue are microglial cells derived from?

A

microglial cells are derived from macrophage precursors (bone marrow) - mesoderm

23
Q

Where are microglial cells found – PNS or CNS?

A

both

24
Q

Where are schwann cells found – PNS or CNS?

A

PNS

25
Q

What are the functions of microglial cells?

A
  • phagocytic in PNS
  • recruit leukocytes across blood-brain barrier
  • intiates/progresses immune response
  • CNS: remove dead or dying neurons by apoptosis or necrosis during development, inflammation, and neuropathologic conditions
26
Q

What embryological tissue are ependymal cells derived from?

A

ependymal cells are derived from neuroepithelium

27
Q

Where can you find ependymal cells?

A

lining the ventricular system of CNS

28
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells?

A
  • facilitate transport of NT, nutrients to neuron via cilia
  • secretes CSF in choroid plexus
29
Q

What two glial cells, though present in the CNS, do not have counter parts in the PNS?

ependymal cells

oligodendrocytes

astrocytes

microglia

satellite cells

schwann cells

A
  1. ependymal cells
  2. microglia
30
Q

What type (shape) are ependymal cells?

A

simple cuboidal cells with microvilia

31
Q

What 3 glial cells, although they are in CNS, have counterparts in the PNS?

ependymal cells

astrocytes

oligodendrocytes

microglia

schwann cells

satellite cells

A
  1. oligodendrocytes
  2. schwann cells
  3. astrocytes
32
Q

What glial cell helps make up the blood brain barrier?

ependymal cells

astrocytes

microglia

oligodendrocytes

satellite cells

schwann cells

A

astrocytes

33
Q

What is the function of satellite cells?

A

protect cell bodies in the ganglia

34
Q

What embryonic tissue are satellite cells derived from?

A

satellite cells are derived from neural crest cells.

35
Q

What is the function of the choroid plexus?

A

the choroid plexus forms the blood-CSF barrier and produces CSF.

36
Q

What is the inner mesaxon during myelination?

A

The inner mesaxon is the inner end of the cytoplasm that is being overlapped by the external mesaxon in the process of wrapping around an axon.

37
Q

What is the intraperiod line during myelination?

A

The intraperiod line represents the closely apposed outer leaflets of wrapped plasma membrane and the space in between corresponds to the remaining extracellular space. (electron dense)

38
Q

What is the major dense line?

A

Line created by cytoplasmic space remnant between adjacent inner leaflets. (electron dense)

39
Q

What is the Schmidt-Lanterman clefts (incisures)?

A

residual areas of cytoplasm within the major dense lines.

40
Q

What is the myelin basic protein?

A

cytosolic plasma membrane bound protein that is associated with the inner leaflets of myelination spirals (found in CNS and PNS)

41
Q

What is the function of myelin basic protein?

A

stabilizes lipids in leaflets

42
Q

What are myelin protein zeros and what is their function?

A

Major protein zeros are homodimers that form homotetramers with opposing outer leaflets. (only in PNS)

Its CNS counterpart is proteolipid protein.

43
Q

A mutation in what neuronal protein causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

A

myelin protein zero

44
Q

What is proteolipid protein and what is its function?

A

Plasma-membrane associated protein in the CNS that connects opposing outer leaflets

45
Q

A mutation in what neuronal protein causes Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease?

A

proteolipid protein

46
Q

What are 4 components of the presynaptic membrane?

A
  • voltage-gated calcium channels
  • SNAPs bidn synaptic vesicels to presynaptic membrane
  • vesicle docking proteins
  • synapsins

Histology (6 decks)

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