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Histology > Skeletal Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three muscle tissue types?

A

1) skeletal (voluntary, striated) 2)smooth (involuntary) 3) cardiac

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2
Q

What type of muscle tissue is this?

A

Skeletal muscle

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3
Q

Identify this tissue

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

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4
Q

Identify this tissue

A

Skeletal muscle

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5
Q

Identify this tissue. What is the structure of each segment?

A

This is skeletal muscle and each compartment represents a myofiber.

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6
Q

What are the three types of myofiber?

A

1) Type I
2) Type IIA
3) Type IIB

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7
Q

Identify the structures of the muscle

A
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8
Q

What muscle layer do blood vessels and nerves use to reach interior of the muscle?

A

The perimysium, which is made up of connective tissue sheaths.

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9
Q

During embryonic development what does the myotube form from?

A

The myotube is formed from fusion mononucleated myoblasts.

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10
Q

What becomes of the myotube in embyronic development?

A

The myotube matures into the cylindrical myocyte with hundreds of nuclie

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11
Q

What is the function of creatine kinase?

A

Creatine kinase is the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ATP from creatine kinase and ADP.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?

A
  • multinucleated syncytium
  • peripheral nuclei
  • sarcomeric arrangement
  • each fiber innervated via a single motor axon
  • contraction =”all-or-none”
  • contains troponin C
  • embryonic development: myoblasts –> myotubes —>myocytes.
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of type I myofiber?

A
  • rich in NADH transferase, myoglobin, ATPase
  • possess many mitochondria
  • primarily utilizes oxidative phosphorylation and therefore…
  • intense staining for oxidative enzymes
  • produce slow and continuous contractions (slow red fibers)
  • referred to as dark or red fibers
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of type IIA myofiber?

A
  • Intermediate staining for oxidative enzymes
  • utilizes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration for ATP production
  • contract more rapidly than type I fibers
  • resistance to fatigue
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Type IIB myofiber?

A
  • Light staining for oxidative enzymes
  • utilize primarily anaerobic respiration for ATP production
  • contract more rapidly than type I or type IIA fibers
  • fatigue quickly
  • referred to as white or light fibers
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16
Q

What type of fiber are the arrows pointing to?

A

The darker stained fibers (arrows) are type I fibers and they stain darker because NAD stain was used and indicates the presence of oxidative enzymes. The lighter fibers are type II fibers

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17
Q

Identify the different fibers in the stain.

A

This stain is NAD stain. The darker fibers are type I myofibers and the lighter are type II myofibers.

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18
Q

List the characteristics of smooth muscle.

A
  • single mononucleated cells
  • no sarcomeric arrangement
  • cells innervated via ANS
  • do not respond “all-or-none”
  • cells connected via gap junctions
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19
Q

Identify the muscle tissue type.

A

Smooth muscle

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20
Q

Identify the muscle tissue type.

A

Smooth muscle

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21
Q

Identify this muscle tissue type

A

Smooth muscle, teased

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22
Q

List characteristics of cardiac muscle cells.

A
  • single mononucleated cells
  • centrally positioned nuclei
  • cells often branched
  • sarcomeric arrangement
  • cells communicate via gap junctions
    • intercalated discs
  • cells not directly innervated
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23
Q

Identify this muscle tissue type

A

Cardiac muscle

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24
Q

Identify this muscle tissue type.

A

cardiac muscle

25
Q

Identify this muscle tissue type

A

Cardiac muscle, acute MI

(the sarcoplasmic reticulum is absent)

26
Q

what is a muscle fascicle (what is it composed of)?

A

The muscle fascicle is a bundle of myofibrils

27
Q

What is a myofiber?

A

The muscle myofiber is a bundle of myofibrils

28
Q

What is a myofibril?

A

a linear array of sarcomeres

29
Q

What type of filaments are sarcomeres composed of?

A

Sarcomeres are composed of two types of filaments:

1) thin filaments = actin
2) thick filaments= myosin

30
Q

What is the epimysium?

A

The epimysium is the very outer connective tissue covering of the muscle.

31
Q

What is the perimysium?

A

The perimysium is a connective tissue sheath that covers each muscle fascicle

32
Q

What is the endomysium?

A

The endomysium is connective tissue layer that envelopes each muscle cell including the sarcolemma.

33
Q

What does the perimysium consist of?

A

The perimysium consists of fibroblasts and type I collagen fibers

34
Q

What is the myofiber?

A

Myofiber is a muscle cell that is surrounded by a cell membrane. The cell membrane is called a sarcolemma.

35
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

The sarcolemma is the cell membrane of the muscle cell.

36
Q

What does the epimysium consist of ?

A

The epimysium consists of type I collagen fibers that blend into the tendon that connects the muscle to the bone.

37
Q

What does the endomysium consist of?

A

The endomysium consists of basal lamina and reticular collagen fibers.

38
Q

What are the functions of basal lamina within the endomysium?

A
  • anchors muscle fibers to each other
  • helps to distribute the force of the contraction
39
Q

Good figure to know

A
40
Q

Good figure to know

A
41
Q

Good figure to know

A
42
Q

Red bands=?

blue bands=?

z-disc=?

Purple ovals=?

A

red bands= A bands

blue bands= I bands

Z discs are located between each pair of I bands

purple ovals= peripheral nuclei

43
Q

What does the A band consist of?

A

The band is composed of thick (myosin) fibers

44
Q

What does the H band consist of?

A

The H band is composed of only thick (myosin filament) and is located in the middle of the A band.

45
Q

What is the I band composed of?

A

The I band is composed of actin filament and interdigitates into each end of the myosin filament bundle and are attached to the Z disks at the opposite ends.

46
Q

what bands of the sarcomere contract and what bands stay the same length?

A

The I and H band contracts while the A band remains the same length.

47
Q

BE FAMILIAR WITH THIS FIGURE!!

A
48
Q

Creatine phosphate is an ATP shuttle from the mitochondria to the myofibril.

A
49
Q

What is the function of creatine phosphate?

A

Creatine phosphate replenishes ATP levels during muscle contraction. When the concentration of ATP decreases, a back up source of energy is the hydrolysis of creatine phosphate. Creatine kinase catalyzes a reversible reaction generating creatine and ATP from the hydrolysis of creatine phosphate.

50
Q

What is the thick filament of the sarcomere composed of?

A

The thick band (myosin) is a dimeric protein composed of:

1) two pairs of light chains
2) two heads at one head

51
Q

What is characteristic of each of the heads of myosin?

A

Each myosin head has:

  • Actin binding region
  • ATP-binding region
  • light-chain binding region
52
Q

What are thin myofilmaments (actin) composed of?

A

Thin myofilaments are composed of

  • F actin, a polymer of G actin
    • plus end inserts on the Z disk
53
Q

What are the actin associated molecules and what do they do?

A

The actin associated molecules are:

  • troponin
    • Troponin I: inhibits binding between actin and myosin
    • Troponin C: binds calcium ions
    • Troponin T: binds to tropomyosin
  • tropomyosin: sits in groove between two actin strands and spans 7 actin monomers.
54
Q

Function of troponin I

A

Troponin I inhibits binding between actin and myosin

55
Q

Function of troponin C

A

Troponin C binds to calcium ions

56
Q

Function of troponin T

A

Troponin T binds to tropomyosin

57
Q

What are T-tubules and where are they located amongst the muscle cells?

A

The T-tubules are extensions of the sarcolemma that extend down into the sarcoplasm. They are located at the A-I junctions. They provide electromechanical coupling for myofiber contraction by transferring the action potential of the sarcolemma into calcium release from the cisternae.

58
Q

Where are mitochondria located within the muscle cell?

A

The mitochondria are located between myofilaments

59
Q
A

Histology (6 decks)

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