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Histology > Nervous Tissue I > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue I Flashcards

1
Q

The ectoderm gives rise to what three major structures?

A

1) surface ectoderm: skin, lens/cornea of eye, teeth, anterior pituitary. 2) neural tube: brain and spinal cord 3)neural crest: cells from crest migrate away and become PNS

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2
Q

What do neuroblasts give rise to?

A

The neuroblasts give rise to neurons of the central nervous system

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3
Q

What are the stages of neural development?

A
  • neural plate stage -neural fold stage -neural tube stage -Then neural crest tissue stage
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4
Q

What are bipolar neurons?

A

Bipolar neurons have two processes, one at each end of the spindle-shaped neuron. They are found in association of special senses such as olfactory and visual.

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5
Q

What are multipolar neurons?

A

Multipolar neurons are the most common morphological type that has a single axon and multiple dendrites.

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6
Q

What are pseudounipolar neurons?

A

Pseudounipolar neurons have a single process from the cell body that bifurcates into a central and a peripheral process. They are found in ganglia alongside spinal cord

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7
Q

In what ways can neurons be classified?

A

-according to function (ex: afferent) -according to number of processes (pseudounipolar neurons) -according to length of axon (golgi I and golgi II)

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8
Q

What are golgi I neurons?

A

Golgi I neurons have long axons which leave the grey matter of which they are a part

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9
Q

What are golgi II neurons?

A

Golgi II neurons have short axons which ramify through the grey matter.

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10
Q

What is definition of nerve?

A

Nerve is bundle of axons (fibers) in the PNS

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11
Q

What is the definition of tract?

A

Tract is bundle of axons (fibers) in the CNS

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12
Q

What is the definition of ganglion?

A

Ganglion is aggregation of cell bodies and dendrites in the PNS

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13
Q

What is the definition of nucleus?

A

A nucleus is an aggregation of cell bodies and dendrites in the CNS

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14
Q

What is the epineurium?

A

The Epineurium is a thick fibrous coat that covers the entire nerve and is made up of Type I collage and fibroblasts.

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15
Q

What is the perineurium?

A

The perineurium is dense connective tissue that covers bundles of axons within nerve.

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16
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

The endoneurium is a thin layer of reticular connective tissue that surrounds individual fibers and schwanna cells and is make up of Type III collagen.

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17
Q

What develops from the surface ectoderm?

A

skin, lens/cornea of eye, anterior pituitary, teeth

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18
Q

What develops from the neural tube?

A

The neural tube gives rise to the brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

What develops from the neural crest?

A

Neural crest cells migrate away from neural tube to form PNS

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20
Q

What are the stages of development of the neuroepithelial cells?

A

neuroectoderm —> neuroepithelial cells –>neuroblasts –> neurons of CNS neural crest cells are also derived from neuroectoderm —> neurons and neuroglial cells of PNS

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21
Q

What happens to the notochord over time?

A

The notochord is replaced by the spinal cord.

22
Q

What are the three zones of the neural tube?

A

1) ventricular zone
2) intermediate zone
3) cortical plate (mantle layer)

23
Q

What type of epithelium is the ventricular zone made up of?

a) simple cuboidal
b) simple columnar
c) pseudostratified
d) transverse columnar

A

C) the ventricular zone is made up of pseudostratified epithelium

24
Q

What type of epithelium is the intermediate zone made up of?

a) simple cuboidal
b) simple columnar
c) pseudostratified
d) transverse columnar

A

C) The intermediate zone is made up of pseudostratified epithelium.

25
Q

What is found in the cortical plate (mantle layer)?

A

The cortical plate (mantle layer) consists of postmitotic neurons and future grey matter

26
Q

What is found in the marginal layer?

A

The marginal layer consists of axons and is future white matter

27
Q

What is found in the intermediate zone?

A

area where excess neurons go for apoptosis

28
Q

What is found in the ventricular zone?

A

ventricular cells

29
Q

Describe the formation of the neural tube.

A
30
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Ependymal cells are a type of glial cell that line the ventricles of brain and spinal cord.

31
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Astrocytes are mature glial cells that support and repair neurons

32
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Oligodendrocytes are mature glial cells that myelinate axons of the CNS

33
Q

What are nissl bodies?

A

RER with rosettes of free ribosomes, and important because it is the site of protein synthesis and the neuron needs to make alot of protein for neurotransmitters

34
Q

Name the structures and surrounding cells.

A

The supporting cells are more specifically glial cells

35
Q

Where is the nucleus found in the neuron?

A

The nucleus is found in the cell body of the neuron

36
Q

Where are the mitochondria and nissl bodies found in the neuron?

A

the mitochondria and nissl bodies are only found in the cell body and its dendrites

37
Q

What are lipofucsin granules and where are they found?

A

Lipofucsin granules are retired lysosomes that contain undigestible material and these accumulate with age of neuron. They are found only in the cell body of the neuron.

38
Q

What type of channels and potentials are associated with the cell body and its dendrites?

A

The cell body of a neuron has ligand-gated channels and is associated with local potentials

39
Q

What type of potential is associated at the axon hillock? local potential or action potential?

A

Action potential generation

40
Q

What type of channels are associated with the neuronal axon? voltage gated channels or ligand gated channels?

A

voltage gated channels with action potentials

41
Q

True or False. Axons do not contain mitochondria.

A

False. Axons contain mitochondria and microtubules

42
Q

True or false. Neuronal axons contain RER and golgi apparatus.

A

False. Neuronal axons lack RER and golgia apparatus. The only thing present are mitochondria and microtubules

43
Q

What is the name of the terminating end of the axon?

A

Telodendrites

44
Q

Know the structure of the neuron.

A
45
Q

Know the structure of the cell body

A
46
Q

Name the 3 types of neurons classified according to their function.

A
  • sensory/afferent
  • motor/efferent
    • somatic
    • autonomic
  • interneurons: impulses within CNS between sensory and motor neurons
47
Q

Name 3 neurons classified according to their number of processes.

A
  • multipolar
  • bipolar
  • pseudounipolar
48
Q

What are multipolar neurons?

A

Neurons have single axon and multiple dendrites

most common

49
Q

what is the structure of a bipolar neuron?

A

two processes, one at each end of spindle-shaped neuron

associated with special senses

50
Q

what is the structure of a pseudounipolar neuron?

A

single process from the cell body that bifurcates into a central and a peripheral process

dorsal root ganglia

51
Q
A

Histology (6 decks)

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