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Biology > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where and how is the eye positioned?

A

Placed in bony socket
Held by 6 exterior muscles
Cushioned by posteriorly fatty tissue

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2
Q

Function of glands of Meiboom?

A

Secrete oily fluid

Lubricate eyeball

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3
Q

Function of eyelashes and eyelids?

A

Protected eye from dust and light

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4
Q

Function of tear duct?

A

Drains excess fluid into nasal cavity

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5
Q

Function of Lachrimal gland?

A

Keeps conjunctiva moist

Produces salty tears

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6
Q

Which three structures make up the outer fibrous coat?

A

Conjunctiva
Sclera
Cornea

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7
Q

Function of conjunctiva?

A

Mucous membranes that covers for the pain receptors to make eye close to foreign particles
Produce mucous to prevent dryness

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8
Q

Function of sclera?

A

Tough white inelastic layer
Cover posterior 5/6 of eyeball
Point of attachment and keep shape

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9
Q

Function of cornea?

A

Clear and no blood vessels to allow light in
Causes refraction of light rays
Pain receptors to close when foreign particles

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10
Q

Which 2 structures make up inner eye?

A

Lens

Eye cavities

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11
Q

Function of lens?

A

Round, biconcave, clear
Enclosed in elastic capsule
No blood vessels so don’t interrupt light passage
Changes shape to allow sharp focusing of light rays on Retina

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12
Q

Two types of eye cavities?

A

Anterior

Posterior

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13
Q

Function of anterior cavity?

A

Filled with AQUEOUS HUMOR
Provide nutrients and oxygen to lens and cornea to carry waste
Provides correct pressure

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14
Q

Function of posterior cavity?

A

Filled with VITREOUS HUMOR-formed in embryo
Provides pressure within eye
Holds retina against choroid
Prevents eyeball collapsing

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15
Q

Which structure make up the middle vascular layer?

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

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16
Q

Function of choroid?

A

Thin dark vessels and pigments
Absorb light
Prevents blurring
Supply food and oxygen

17
Q

Function of ciliary body?

A

Control curvature of lense during accommodation

18
Q

Function of iris?

A

2 sets: circular and radial (antagonistic)

19
Q

What is the pupillary mechanism?

A

Bright lights: circular contracts, pupil size decreases

Dim lights p: radial contracts, pupil dilates

20
Q

Which 3 layers make up the retina?

A

Pigmented
Nervous
Neural

21
Q

Function of outer pigmented layer?

A

Layer of cuboidal cells

Dark pigment helps absorb light

22
Q

Function of nervous layer photoreceptors?

A

Modified neurons that are sensitive to light

Convert light stimuli to nerve impulses

23
Q

Two types of photoreceptors and their functions?

A

Rod cells: elongated, edge of retina. Respond to low intensity light and provides night vision (B&W)-> peripheral vision
Cone cells: found in yellow spot of retina. Respond to bright light . Enable color sight -> sharp, clear vision

24
Q

Function of neural layer?

A

Photoreceptor synapses and 2x layer neurons
Axons of 2nd layer form optic nerve
Neurons carry impulses from photoreceptors to Occipital lobe causing sight

25
Q

What is a blind spot?

A

No rods or cones
Where blood vessels enter
Not sensitive to light stimuli

26
Q

What is a yellow spot?

A

Near center of Retina
Contains many cones
Reaction of highest visual activity (sharpest vision)

27
Q

What is short sightedness?

A

Myopia
Can see close not far
Eyeball too long / cornea or lens too convex
Fix: wear concave lenses / laser surgery

28
Q

What is Long sightedness?

A

Hypermetropia
Can see far not close
Eyeball too short / cornea or lens too flat
Fix: wear concave lenses

29
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

Irregularly shaved
Leads to blurred images and headaches
Causes: hereditary, scarred cornea (keratoconus)
Fix: spectacles, soft contacts, laser

30
Q

What is a cataracts:

A

Protein in lens clumps forming cloud
Diagnosed by: eye chart vision test, eye examination
Treatment: surgery where cloud is shattered by ultra violet then suctioned

Biology (13 decks)

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