The Ear Flashcards

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1
Q

What substances are in the inner, middle, outer ear respectively?

A

Fluid
Air
Air

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2
Q

Which 2 structures make us the outer ear?

A

Pinna

Auditory canal

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3
Q

Function of the pinna?

A

Cartilaginous flap

Direct sound waves to opening

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4
Q

Function of auditory canal?

A

Passes through bone to eardrum

Conducts sound waves from pinna to eardrum

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5
Q

Which 6 structures make up the middle ear?

A
Tympanum 
Hammer 
Anvil 
Stirrup 
Eustachian tube 
Oval window
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6
Q

Function of tympanum?

A

Thin membrane, cover opening

Vibrates when sound hits

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7
Q

Function of hammer?

A

Malleus

Articulate to transmit

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8
Q

Function of anvil?

A

Ineus

Amplify vibrations to oval window

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9
Q

Function of stirrup?

A

Stapes

Amplify vibrations to oval window

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10
Q

Function of Eustachian tube?

A

Connect middle ear to throat

Equalizes pressure so membranes vibrate freely

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11
Q

Function of oval window?

A

Separate middle and inner ear

Pass vibrations therefore waves in perilymph

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12
Q

Which 6 structures make up inner ear?

A
Bony labyrinth 
Membranous labyrinth 
Scalas 
Membranes 
Organ of corti 
Auditory nerve
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13
Q

What is the function of the bony labyrinth?

A

Temporal Bone

Perilymph fluid

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14
Q

Function of membranous labyrinth?

A

Floats in perilymph

Endolymph fluid

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15
Q

Function of scalas?

A

Middle cholea= scala media (endolymph)
Upper scala vestibuli= lower scala tympani (bony labyrinth)
Lower scala tympani= to round window

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16
Q

Function of cochlea membranes?

A

Roof= vestibular membrane
Floor= basilar membrane
Movement causes waves in endolymph

17
Q

Function of Organ of Corti?

A

On basilar membrane covered by tectorial membrane
Hairs embedded in gelatinous tectorial membrane
Hairs make impulses that convert mechanical stimuli to nerve impulses

18
Q

Function of auditory nerve?

A

Nerve impulses travel to temporal lobe

19
Q

Which 3 structures make up the vestibular apparatus?

A

Uticulus
Sacculus
Semi circular canals

20
Q

Function of Utricullus?

A

Sacs suspended in perilymph

21
Q

Function of Sacculus?

A

Maculae = equilibrium receptors
Patches of hair cells
Dendrites leave
Respond to gravity -> utricular macula (gel like)->feels head tilting (otalriths = earstones)

22
Q

Functions of semi circular canals?

A

Pull on sensory hairs to keep CNS informed on position, movements and balance

23
Q

What are the 3 semi circular canals?

A

Anterial
Laterial
Posterial

24
Q

What happens when there is an ear infection?

A

Fluid put pressure on ear drum causing redness and pain
Eustachian closes and puss forms
Virus and bacteria enter tube from throat

25
Q

Causes of deafness?

A
Aging 
Infections 
Drugs
Noise damage
Hereditary
26
Q

4 steps of a cochlear implant?

A
  1. Sound processor captures sound - converts to digital code
  2. Digitally coded sound moves through coil to implant
  3. Implant converts sound to electrical signals - sends to array in cochlea
  4. Implant electrodes stimulate cochlea heating nerve fibers - relay sound signals to brain therefore producing hearing sensations