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Histology > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the external layer

A

sclera and cornea

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2
Q

Derivatives of the surface ectoderm

A

Lens, Corneal epithelium, Conjunctional epithelium

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3
Q

what makes up the middle layer of the eye

A

choroid
ciliary body
iris

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4
Q

what makes up the internal layer of the eye

A

retinal coat, rods and cones

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5
Q

virteous body location and content

A

behind the lens

water (99%), collagen, hyaluronic acid molecules

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6
Q

sclera tissue makeup and function

A

thick layer of DICT
protects, maintains shape
fibrous coat, supportive function, inelastic
opaque white

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7
Q

choroid content and function

A

layer of loose connective tissue
melanocytes – melanized, brown, absorption of stray light
blood vessels, richly vascularized, nutritional

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8
Q

Bruch’s membrane ?

A

layer of extracellular material between the blood vessels and the retinal pigment epithelium.

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9
Q

layers of the retina

A

outer layer of rods and cones
intermediate layer of bipolar neurons
internal layer of ganglion cells

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10
Q

horizontal cells of the retina

A

interconnect photoreceptor cells

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11
Q

amacrine cells of the retina

A

interconnect bipolar and ganglion cells

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12
Q

mueller cells

A

glial cells within the retina

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13
Q

retinal pigment epithelium ?

A
  • absorbs light, pigment granules
  • prevents back reflection of light striking retina
  • sustains metabolism/pigment turnover of photoreceptors
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14
Q

what type of junctions are found in the RPE

A
  • forms part of blood-retinal barrier – tight junctions
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15
Q

Detached retina?

A

no junction between RPE and photoreceptor

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16
Q

The retina follows an action potential . T/F ?

A

False graded

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17
Q

fovea ?

A

highest visual acuity
thinnest retinal region
highest packing density
pure cone photoreceptor region

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18
Q

macula lutea

A
  • surrounds the fovea, has mostly rods and a yellow pigment
19
Q

yellow pigment in the eye is also known as

A

lutein

20
Q

Age-related macular degeneration (ARM)

A

major cause of blindness in the Western Hemisphere. It is caused by loss of photoreceptors in the macula and is correlated with increasing accumulations of material (debris) in Bruch’s membrane.

21
Q

another cause of ARM

A

decrease in lutein pigment in the macula,

22
Q

Function of pigment in the macula lutea

A

pigment protects photoreceptors from light and oxidative damage.

23
Q

optic papilla/.disc is also known as

A

the blind spot

24
Q

where do the axons of the ganglion cells exit the eyeball?

A

optic disc

25
Q

Parts of the anterior eye

A

cilary body, iris, cornea, limbus, lens

26
Q

ciliary processes ?

A

secrete aqueous humor

27
Q

ciliary muscle?

A

accomadation

28
Q

responsible for separates anterior and posterior chambers

A

iris

29
Q

what does the stroma of the iris contain

A

Melanocytes

Constrictor and Dilator muscles

30
Q

cornea ?

A

transparent , avascular

31
Q

most focusing of light occurs in the ___ from direct light rays converging on ___

A

cornea and retina

32
Q

3 layers of the cornea

A

Corneal epithelium, Corneal stroma, and Corneal endothelium

33
Q

___ constantly pump ions (mostly bicarbonate) from the cornea into the anterior chamber.

A

corneal endothelial cells

34
Q

Water follows osmotically, and this causes the cornea to be kept in ___ state

A

partially dehydrated

35
Q

what causes coreal transplants

A

when corneal cells dies they don’t turnover but near cells spread over space.. too much damage can cuase holes =swelling and opacity

36
Q

flow of aqueous humor

A

pos chamber –> pupil–>ant chamber–>trabecular meshwork –> canal of schlemm–>scleral veins

37
Q

why is there no direct opening b/w meshwork and canal of schlemm

A

fluid is transcytosed to maintain intraocular pressure

38
Q

glaucoma causes

A

intraocular pressure irregular from blockage of pigment granules in meshwork

39
Q

what causes transparency in the cornea

A

the close, regular packing of the proteins (crystallins) in the lens fibers and the absence of light scattering organelles.

40
Q

opacity?

A

lack of transparency

41
Q

presbyopia

A

loss of ability to focus actively on nearby objects

42
Q

what is another cause of glaucoma ?

A

long term asprin use .. acetalyation of crytallines= no glycosylation

43
Q

accommodation : close vs distant objects ?

  1. ciliary muscle
  2. suspensory ligament
  3. lens
A

close : 1. contract,2. relax 3. curved

distant: 1. relax, 2. contracted 3. flat

Histology (9 decks)

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